Fig. 5.

Effect of the combined nafamostat mesylate and PAL on apoptosis of endocrine-resistant estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. (A) IC₅₀ value of MCF7-TamR (left) and -FulR (right) cells for PAL, assessed using MTT assay. (B) Analysis of cell viability of MCF7-TamR (left) and -FulR (right) cells under combined NM and PAL treatment, assessed using MTT assays. (C) Analysis of apoptotic levels of MCF7-TamR (upper) and -FulR (lower) cells under combined NM and PAL treatment, assessed using Annexin V-dependent flow cytometry assays. (D) Quantitative analysis of apoptosis in combined NM and PAL treated-MCF7-TamR (upper) and -FulR (loer) cells. (E) Levels of cleaved caspase families in MCF7-TamR (upper) and -FulR (lower) cells under combined NM and PAL treatment, assessed using western blotting analysis with specific antibodies. (F) Analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential of MCF7-TamR (upper) and MCF7-FulR (lower) cells under combined NM and PAL treatment, assessed using flow cytometry assays. (G) Quantitative analysis of total depolarized levels of combined NM and PAL-treated MCF7-TamR (upper) and FulR (lower) cells. (H) Levels of BCL families and death signaling-related proteins in MCF7-TamR (upper) and FulR (lower) cells under serial doses of NM, assessed using western blot analysis with specific antibodies. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM of biological triplicate experiments. ^⁎#P < 0.01, compared with the results for untreated MCF7-FulR and MCF7-TamR cells.