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. 2021 Dec 7;97(23):e2328–e2339. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012941

Figure 4. Associations Between Exogenous Estrogen Exposures and GMV.

Figure 4

Statistical parametric maps (SPMs) showing positive associations between (A) menopause hormonal therapy (HT) and gray matter volume (GMV) and (C) hormonal contraceptive (HC) use and GMV, at p < 0.05, cluster level corrected, adjusted for age and total intracranial volume (TIV). SPMs are superimposed on a standardized MRI and represented on a color-coded scale with corresponding z score values. Anatomic location and statistics are reported in eTable 4, links.lww.com/WNL/B612. Plots representing age- and TIV-adjusted mean (+SEM) GMV extracted at the peak of statistical significance, comparing (B) HT users (HT+) and never users (HT−) in the entire cohort and among nonhysterectomized participants and (D) HC current users (HC+), past users (HC-past), and never users (HC−). *p < 0.05.