Table 3.
Benefits of Treatment; Results of Meta-Analysis by Outcome for Included Studies (n = 12)
| Outcome | # studies | N | SMD (95% Confidence interval) | GRADE rating |
|---|---|---|---|
| Falls (# events) | 4 | 224 | RR 0.99 (0.60, 1.65) |
LOW downgraded for risk of bias and imprecision |
| Falls (incidence) | 4 | 209 | IR 0.90 (0.47, 1.71) |
LOW downgraded for risk of bias and imprecision |
| Perceived Risk of Falls / Fear of Falling | 8 | 263 | Medium; −0.73 (−1.10, − 0.36) |
MODERATE downgraded for risk of bias |
| Balance | 9 | 318 | Medium; 0.66 (0.19, 1.12) |
MODERATE downgraded for risk of bias |
| Gait speed and control | 6 | 194 | Small; 0.26 (0.08, 0.43) |
MODERATE downgraded for risk of bias |
| TUG | 5 | 151 | Medium; −0.56 (−0.94, − 0.17) |
MODERATE downgraded for risk of bias |
| CST | 2 | 70 | No effect; 0.34 (−1.73, 1.06) | VERY LOW downgraded for risk of bias and imprecision |
Bold denotes significance p < 0.05; N = total number of participants; SMD standardized mean difference, RR risk ratio, IR incidence rate, TUG timed up and go test, CST chair sit and stand test