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. 2021 Dec 11;9:88. doi: 10.1186/s40364-021-00336-2

Table 5.

Findings obtained from single cell sequencing

Cancer type Key findings Ref
Bladder cancer

Accurately detect genetic mutations or copy number changes in exfoliated urine cell.

ICAF can be detected in patients with advanced bladder cancer.

[70]

[84]

Pancreatic cancer ONECUT2 may be a driving factor for early progression; CAFs expressing CDH11 promote the growth of pancreatic tumors.

[74]

[85]

Gastric cancer

M2-like macrophages induce RhoA, which regulates the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells.

M2-like phenotype of TAMs is related to poor prognosis in gastric cancer.

The prognosis of the gastric type is worse than that of the mixed type.

[86]

[87]

[88]

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Macrophages express high levels of LILRB1, enhancing the phagocytic function of tumor cells;

NKs express high levels of checkpoint molecules, such as NKG2A and CD49d.

KRT19 expression is related to drug resistance.

[88]
Osteosarcoma Increased expression of TIGIT enhances the killing effect of primitive CD3 + T cells and high proportion of TIGIT+ cells are present in osteosarcoma. [90]
Lung cancer

inhibition of ST2 signaling can improve anti-tumor CD8 + T cell activity and reduce tumor burden.

In TCGA and GEO databases, high expression levels of HMGA1 and EMC6 are associated with poor prognosis.

High expression of MHCII is associated with good prognosis.

Based on CD8+ T cell phenotypes, a higher ratio of pre-exhaustion cells is associated with better prognosis.

[87]

[105]

[106]

[107]

Liver Cancer

Plasma exosome TSRNA can be used as a new diagnostic biomarker.

Laylin gene can inhibit the killing function of CD8 + T cells

[75]

[91]

Melanoma TOX promotes cell exhaustion in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells by expressing IC molecules. [92]
Breast cancer

One subtype of γδ T was associated with better overall survival.

A cluster of cells characterized by EpCAM, * KRT6b, KRT15, KRT16,KRT81, and KRT23 is associated with a better prognosis.

Infiltration of immature myeloid cells is associated with tumor drug resistance.

In resistant cells, EMT and stemness genes are upregulated.

High expression of KDM5 and ITH in estrogen-resistant ER+ cells.

[98]

[100]

[103]

[104]