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The mRNA expression levels of IL-1α (A), IL-6 (B), CCL-5 (C) and MIP-1β (D) were detected by RT-qPCR analysis in Vero E6 cells. The values were presented as the means ± S.D. of three individual experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, when compared to the viral control.
