Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted association between adipokines and ECC extent.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 2b | Model 3 | Model 3b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic Valve Calcium (AVC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.07 (0.98, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) |
| Resistin | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) |
| Adiponectin | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) |
| Leptin/adiponectin | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.14) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) |
| Resistin/adiponectin | 1.11 (1.03, 1.19) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.15) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) |
| Mitral annular calcium (MVC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.11 (1.02, 1.21) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.13) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) |
| Resistin | 1.06 (0.98, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) |
| Adiponectin | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.13) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) |
| Leptin/Adiponectin | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | 1.00 (0.88,1.13) | 0.99 (0.89,1.10) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.15) |
| Resistin/adiponectin | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) |
| Ascending thoracic aortic calcium (ATAC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) |
| Resistin | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.11) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) |
| Adiponectin | 0.98 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) |
| Leptin/Adiponectin | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) |
| Resistin/Adiponectin | 1.06 (1.01, 1.10) | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
| Descending thoracic aortic calcium (DTAC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.32) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.34) |
| Resistin | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.26) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.22) |
| Adiponectin | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.81, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.12) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) |
| Leptin/Adiponectin | 1.10 (0.98, 1.23) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.31) | 1.15 (0.96, 1.38) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) |
| Resistin/Adiponectin | 1.14 (1.02, 1.28) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.28) | 1.14 (1.00, 1.31) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) |
Results were derived from multivariable linear regression models and presented as exponentiated beta coefficients.
Adipokines were log-transformed for analysis and compared per 1 standard deviation (SD).
Extra-coronary calcium (ECC) was log-transformed and evaluated continuously as Log (ECC +1).
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and study site
Model 2: Model 1 + education, body mass index, smoking, pack years of smoking, and physical activity.
Model 2b: Model 2 + visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).
Model 3: Model 2 + systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication, diabetes mellitus and eGFR.
Model 3b: Model 3: VAT and SAT.
Statistically significant results are in bold font. p value = 0.047 for result in italics.