Table 4.
Multivariable-adjusted association between adipokines and ECC progression (retrospectively assessed)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 2b | Model 3 | Model 3b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic valve calcium (AVC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.13 (0.95, 1.36) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.22) | 0.83 (0.60, 1.15) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.10) | 0.75 (0.54, 1.05) |
| Resistin | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.07) |
| Adiponectin | 0.76 (0.65, 0.90) | 0.77 (0.65, 0.92) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.94) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.95) | 0.77 (0.61, 0.96) |
| Leptin/Adiponectin | 1.24 (1.05, 1.46) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.43) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.46) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.35) |
| Resistin/Adiponectin | 1.24 (1.06, 1.45) | 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) | 1.18 (0.96, 1.45) | 1.16 (0.97, 1.39) | 1.13 (0.91, 1.42) |
| Mitral annular calcium (MVC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.26 (1.03, 1.54) | 1.06 (0.81, 1.39) | 0.94 (0.66, 1.32) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 0.95 (0.67, 1.36) |
| Resistin | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.18) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.16) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.16) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) |
| Adiponectin | 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.18) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) | 0.94 (0.74, 1.19) |
| Leptin/Adiponectin | 1.19 (1.00, 1.43) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.28) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.36) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.39) |
| Resistin/Adiponectin | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.28) |
| Ascending thoracic aortic calcium (ATAC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.12 (0.83, 1.51) | 1.12 (0.75, 1.69) | 0.82 (0.49, 1.38) | 1.00 (0.66, 1.51) | 0.76 (0.45, 1.28) |
| Resistin | 1.29 (1.02, 1.64) | 1.33 (1.04, 1.70) | 1.13 (0.84, 1.52) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.66) | 1.06 (0.77, 1.47) |
| Adiponectin | 0.83 (0.63, 1.07) | 0.86 (0.65, 1.13) | 0.83 (0.59, 1.17) | 0.98 (0.73, 1.32) | 0.96 (0.67, 1.38) |
| Leptin/Adiponectin | 1.18 (0.90, 1.54) | 1.21 (0.85, 1.73) | 1.01 (0.64, 1.60) | 1.01 (0.70, 1.46) | 0.85 (0.53, 1.35) |
| Resistin/Adiponectin | 1.36 (1.06, 1.75) | 1.36 (1.05, 1.78) | 1.25 (0.90, 1.72) | 1.20 (0.89, 1.60) | 1.07 (0.75, 1.53) |
| Descending thoracic aortic calcium (DTAC) | |||||
| Leptin | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.34) | 1.07 (0.84, 1.37) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.26) | 1.03 (0.80, 1.32) |
| Resistin | 1.15 (1.02, 1.29) | 1.13 (1.00,1.27) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.35) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.28) | 1.17 (1.00, 1.36) |
| Adiponectin | 0.90 (0.79, 1.02) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.23) |
| Leptin/Adiponectin | 1.14 (1.01, 1.30) | 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.37) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.26) |
| Resistin/Adiponectin | 1.18 (1.05, 1.34) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.33) | 1.18 (1.01, 1.37) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.31) |
Results were derived from multivariable logistic regression models and presented as odds ratios comparing extra-coronary calcium (ECC) progressors to non-progressors.
Adipokines were log-transformed for analysis and compared per 1 standard deviation (SD).
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and study site.
Model 2: Model 1 + education, body mass index, smoking, pack years of smoking, and physical activity.
Model 2b: Model 2 + visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).
Model 3: Model 2 + systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication, diabetes mellitus and eGFR.
Model 3b: Model 3: VAT and SAT.
Statistically significant results are in bold font. p value = 0.047 and 0.045 for results in italics [1.13 (1.00, 1.27)] and [1.17 (1.00, 1.36)], respectively.