Table 3.
Risk Factors for Mortality
| Author (Year) | Age | Male | DM | HTN | IHD | CKD | AF | CLRD | EF | HF Type | Beta- Blockers | ACEI/ARB | AA | Diuretics | Digoxin | LOS | COPD | 30-Day Mortality/ Total Patients | 1-Year Mortality/ Total Patients |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arenja N 201132 | 82 (median) | 330 (54) | 180 (30) | 430 (71) | – | 243 (39) | – | – | – | AHF | 357 (61) | 440 (76) | – | 475 (82) | Digitalis 51 (9) | – | 154 (25) | – | 201/610 (33) |
| Chaudhry SI 201034 | 79.6 (7.8) | 25,867 (41.5) | 24,745 (39.7) | 39,704 (63.7) | CAD35653 (57.2) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21,379(34.3) | 6124/62,330 (9.8) | – |
| Choi DJ 201135 | 67.6 (14.3) | 1600 (50) | 975 (30.5) | 1486 (46.5) | 1544 (52.3) | 295 (9.2) | – | 104 (3.5) | 38.5±15.70 | – | 1109 (58.6) | 648 (53.7) | 913 (53.1) | 1982 (68.1) | Inotropic agents 711 (21.7) | – | 1289 (32.2) | – | 625/3200 (0.195) |
| Coles AH 201536 |
75 | 1771 (44) | 1493 (37.1) | 2874 (71.4) | CHD 2028 (50.4) | 1027 (25.5) | 1453 (36.1) | – | – | ADHF | 2290 (56.9) | 2228 (55.4) | 255 (6.34) | 3201 (79.5) | 1423 (35.4) | – | 403 (10) | – | 1245/4025 (30.9) |
| Corrao G 201520 | 79.3 (9.5) | 6103 (46.3) | – | – | CAD 2081 (15.8) | 886 (6.7) | Arrhythmia 2441 (18.5) | RD 2459(18.7) | – | – | 5537 (42) | 8739 (66.4) | 1163(8.8) | 6334 (48.1) | – | 12.0 (10.3) | – | 619/13,171 (4.7) | 2977/13,171 (22.6) |
| Costa 201837 | 77 (13.4) | 56 (56) | 36% | 78% | – | – | 33% | – | – | AHF | 60% | 63% | 24% | – | 3% | – | – | – | 41/100 (41) |
| Eapen ZJ 201338 | 80 (74, 86) | 15, 221 (45.6) | 13, 002 (39.7) | 24, 673 (75.3) | 20, 308 (60.9) | – | 11, 817 (36.1) | – | 43 (30, 55) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7020/33,349 (22.8) | – |
| Formiga F 201839 | 81.6 | 484 (42.8) | 460 (40.6) | 978 (86.4) | CAD 267 (23.6) | 298 (26.3) | 444 (39.2) | – | – | AHF | 539 (47.6) | 586 (51.8) | 164 (14.5) | – | – | – | 267 (23.6) | 117/1132 (10.3) | 342/1132 (30.2) |
| Harikrishnan S 201740 | 61.2 (13.7) | 831 (69) | 662 | 696 | 866 | 216 | 177 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 186 | – | 371/1205 (0.308) |
| Mwita JC 201743 | 54.2 (17.1) | 104 (53.9) | 30 (15.5) | 106 (54.9) | 11 (5.7) | – | 19 (9.8) | – | 41.8 (20) | AHF | 124 (72.1) | 126 (73.2) | - | 148 (86) | 38 (22.1) | 9medium | - | 28/190 (14.7) | – |
| Rudiger A 200545 | 73 (12) | 176 (56.4) | 100 (32.1) | 78 (25) | – | 91 (29.2) | – | – | AHF | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 34/312 (11) | 90/312 (29) | |
| Siirila- Waris K 200646 | 75.1 (10.4) | 312 (50.4) | 32.3 | 54.7 | CAD 55.2 | 9.4 | 29.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12.6 | – | 170/620 (27.4) |
| Stampehl M 201947 | 80.5 (11.2) | 79, 076 (39.3) | 107, 540 (52.0) | 199, 439 (96.5) | 753 (0.4) | 102, 546 (49.6) | 113, 163 (54.8) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 92,688 (44.9) | 12,278/206,644 (5.94) | 64,363/206,644 (31.15) |
Abbreviations: DM, Diabetes Mellitus; HTN, Hypertension; IHD, Ischemic Heart Disease; CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease; AF, Atrial Fibrillation; CLRD, Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease; EF, Ejection Fraction; HF, Heart failure; ACEI/ARB, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; AA, Aldosterone Antagonist; LOS, Length of Stay; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; AHF, Acute Heart Failure; CHD, Coronary Heart Disease; ADHF, Acute Decompensated Heart Failure; CAD, Coronary Artery Disease; RD, Respiratory Disease.