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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2022 Apr 1;101(4):331–340. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001820

Table II:

Meta-analysis of studies evaluating aging and smoking in association with Rotator Cuff Disease

Characteristic N-estimates OR 95% CI I2
Aging - RCD
 Continuous 5 1.20 (1.18, 1.21) 94%
 40–44 vs. <40 3 2.71 (1.78, 4.13) 0%
 45–49 vs. <40 3 4.33 (2.86, 6.55) 0%
 >=50 vs. <40 3 6.97 (4.85, 10.01) 0%
Smoking - RCD
Former Smoker vs. Never Smoker 6 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) 0%
Current Smoker vs. Never Smoker 6 0.97 (0.87, 1.07) 37%
Yes vs. No 5 1.94 (1.12, 2.48) 82%

OR = Odds Ratio; 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval; I2 = Percent variation due to heterogeneity; RCD = Rotator Cuff Disease; RCT = Rotator Cuff Tear; All meta-analysis estimates were computed using inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects models.