Table 4.
Common comorbidities of COPD [8]
| Comorbidity | At diagnosis (%) | During 8-year period after diagnosis (%)a |
|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | 33.7 | 51.4 |
| Asthmab | 23 | |
| Pneumonia | 24.6 | 42.9 |
| GERDc | 17–54 | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 15.6 | 24.3 |
| Heart failure | 15.2 | 31.4 |
| Depression | 11.8 | 20.2 |
| Diabetes | 11.6 | 18.8 |
| Myocardial infarction | 9.0 | 17.0 |
| Osteoporosis | 7.6 | 16.9 |
| Stroke | 5.8 | 12.3 |
| Lung cancer | 1.0 | 4.6 |
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GERD Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
aCumulative data
bFollowing diagnosis of COPD
cPrevalence among all patients diagnosed with COPD [143]