Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of gastric cancer patients in AHMU (development) cohort and MMH (validation) cohort
| Clinical characteristics | AHMU cohort [n (%), n = 401] | MMH cohort [n (%), n = 214] | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 61, 53 ~ 68 | 66, 57 ~ 73 | < 0.001 |
| < 70 | 318 (79.3) | 139 (65.0) | < 0.001 |
| 70 ~ | 83 (20.7) | 75 (35.0) | |
| Sex | 0.083 | ||
| Male | 267 (66.6) | 157 (73.4) | |
| Female | 134 (33.4) | 57 (26.6) | |
| Synchronous or metachronous metastasis | 0.275 | ||
| Synchronous | 169 (42.1) | 100 (46.7) | |
| Metachronous | 232 (57.9) | 114 (53.3) | |
| Gastrectomy | 0.976 | ||
| None | 150 (37.4) | 82 (38.3) | |
| Curative | 211 (52.6) | 111 (51.9) | |
| Palliative | 40 (10.0) | 21 (9.8) | |
| ECOG score at first episode of metastasis | < 0.001 | ||
| 0 ~ 1 | 319 (79.6) | 125 (58.4) | |
| 2 ~ | 82 (20.4) | 89 (41.6) | |
| WHO histology | 0.352 | ||
| Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma | 362 (90.3) | 198 (92.5) | |
| Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 39 (9.7) | 16 (7.5) | |
| Tumor grade | 0.001 | ||
| G1–2 | 70 (17.5) | 33 (15.4) | |
| G3–4 | 233 (58.1) | 154 (72.0) | |
| Unknown | 98 (24.4) | 27 (12.6) | |
| Metastatic to (first episode of metastasis) | |||
| Liver | 125 (31.2) | 90 (42.1) | 0.007 |
| Lung | 40 (10.0) | 70 (32.7) | < 0.001 |
| Bone | 28 (7.0) | 21 (9.8) | 0.217 |
| Distant lymph node | 219 (54.6) | 135 (63.1) | 0.043 |
| Peritoneal/Malignant ascites | 62 (15.5) | 40 (18.7) | 0.305 |
| Number of involved organs in first episode of metastasis | < 0.001 | ||
| 1 | 308 (76.8) | 115 (53.7) | |
| 2 ~ | 93 (23.2) | 99 (46.3) | |
| Resection of metastatic tumor | 0.088 | ||
| Yes | 8 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| No | 393 (98.0) | 214 (100.0) | |
| Palliative chemotherapy | < 0.001 | ||
| With | 347 (86.5) | 150 (70.1) | |
| Without | 54 (13.5) | 64 (29.9) | |
| Blood test during first episode of metastasis | |||
| HGB level (g/L) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 113.0, 98.0 ~ 123.0 | 108.5, 88.0 ~ 122.0 | 0.022 |
| < 90 | 62 (15.5) | 55 (25.7) | 0.002 |
| 90 ~ | 339 (84.5) | 159 (74.3) | |
| Platelet count (×109/L) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 200, 148 ~ 278 | 193, 136 ~ 252 | 0.035 |
| < 300 | 325 (81.0) | 189 (88.3) | 0.020 |
| 300 ~ | 76 (19.0) | 25 (11.7) | |
| ALB level (g/L) (mean, SD) | 38.2, 5.1 | 36.2, 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| < 38 | 179 (44.6) | 130 (60.7) | < 0.001 |
| 38 ~ | 222 (55.4) | 84 (39.3) | |
| LDH level (U/L) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 183, 153 ~ 243 | 178, 147 ~ 242 | 0.443 |
| < 220 | 281 (70.1) | 145 (67.8) | 0.553 |
| 220 ~ | 120 (29.9) | 69 (32.2) | |
| CEA level (ng/mL) (median, P25 ~ 75) | 5.1, 2.0 ~ 36.4 | 6.2, 2.7 ~ 33.1 | 0.142 |
| < 8 | 225 (56.1) | 119 (55.6) | 0.862 |
| 8 ~ | 115 (28.7) | 59 (27.6) | |
| 100 ~ | 61 (15.2) | 36 (16.8) | |
aZ value by nonparametric Wilcoxon W test; bContinuity Correction χ2; ct value by independent sample T test
AHMU Anhui Medical University (Anhui Province, China), MMH Ma’anshan Municipal People’s Hospital (Anhui Province, China); P25 ~ 75: upper quartile to lower quartile, ECOG The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, HGB Hemoglobin, ALB Albumin, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen