| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Baelen 1994 | Not a randomized controlled trial |
| Baxter 2009 | No placebo or control group |
| Kelly 2008 | Not a randomized controlled trial |
| Lunoe 2015 | Included no control group/no treatment group for vapocoolant |
| Soueid 2007 | Not a randomized controlled trial |
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