Table 1. Definitions of MAFLD and NAFLD.

	MAFLD	NAFLD
Presence of hepatic steatosis	Yes	Yes
Metabolic criteria	The diagnosis is made if a patient has hepatic steatosis and is overweight or obese, has T2D, or two or more of the following: Central obesity by ethnic-specific waist circumference cutoffs; Blood pressure ≥135/85 mmHg or specific drug treatment; Plasma triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or specific drug treatment; Plasma HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women or specific drug treatment; Fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL, 2-h post-load glucose ≥140 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1c ≥5.7%; Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ≥2.5; Plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein >2 mg/L	Not required
Other liver diseases	No need to exclude; a patient can have MAFLD and another liver disease at the same time	By definition, the presence of another liver disease (e.g., chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease) would lead to the exclusion of NAFLD
Secondary causes of hepatic steatosis	No need to exclude; also use the term “alternative causes” instead of “secondary causes”	By definition, the presence of secondary causes of hepatic steatosis (e.g., use of systemic steroids, total parenteral nutrition) would lead to the exclusion of NAFLD

HDL, high density lipoprotein; MAFLD, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes.