Table 3. Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in MAFLD patients.

Risk factors
Demographic factors
Older age
Male sex
Hispanic race
Family history of cirrhosis
Alcohol consumption
Metabolic factors
T2D
Obesity
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Genetic factors
PNPLA3 rs738409
TM6SF2 rs58542926
MBOAT7 rs641738
HSD17B13 rs6834314 (protective)
Chronic infections
Chronic hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis C
HIV

MAFLD, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; T2D, type 2 diabetes.