Table 3. Univariate Cox regression analysis of all hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients for primary and secondary end points.
| Variable | Primary end points (n=8) | Secondary end points (n=14) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | ||
| Clinical parameters | |||||||
| Gender, n | 1.63 | 0.33–8.13 | 0.552 | 2.10 | 0.58–7.54 | 0.257 | |
| Age, years | 1.00 | 0.95–1.06 | 0.917 | 1.02 | 0.98–1.07 | 0.250 | |
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 1.03 | 0.97–1.09 | 0.407 | 1.02 | 0.98–1.07 | 0.398 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.12 | 0.91–1.37 | 0.290 | 1.12 | 0.96–1.31 | 0.155 | |
| BSA (m2) | 1.16 | 0.81–1.67 | 0.410 | 1.20 | 0.91–1.58 | 0.196 | |
| Family history of SCD, n | 2.06 | 0.26–16.84 | 0.496 | 1.13 | 0.15–8.66 | 0.905 | |
| History of syncope, n | 4.69 | 1.11–19.75 | 0.035 | 3.26 | 1.02–10.42 | 0.047 | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n | 0.82 | 0.10–6.69 | 0.855 | 0.94 | 0.21–4.18 | 0.930 | |
| Coronary heart disease, n | 1.64 | 0.33–8.17 | 0.549 | 1.88 | 0.59–6.03 | 0.286 | |
| Hypertension, n | 0.30 | 0.04–2.43 | 0.259 | 1.54 | 0.53–4.43 | 0.428 | |
| NYHA stage | |||||||
| NYHA =2 | 1.87 | 2.23–15.60 | 0.563 | 0.96 | 0.12–7.36 | 0.966 | |
| NYHA =3 | 2.51 | 0.30–21.04 | 0.396 | 1.15 | 0.16–8.89 | 0.894 | |
| Obstructive HCM, n | 2.51 | 0.60–10.53 | 0.209 | 1.69 | 0.53–5.40 | 0.376 | |
| Elevated troponin, n | 0.86 | 0.17–4.27 | 0.853 | 1.05 | 0.33–3.34 | 0.940 | |
| Elevated BNP, n | 0.88 | 0.21–3.67 | 0.857 | 1.09 | 0.38–3.14 | 0.875 | |
| Atrial fibrillation, n | 2.55 | 0.31–20.87 | 0.382 | 2.89 | 0.64–12.93 | 0.166 | |
| CMR parameters | |||||||
| LVWT (mm) | 1.13 | 1.01–1.27 | 0.037 | 1.10 | 1.01–1.21 | 0.023 | |
| LVEDV (mL) | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.530 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.069 | |
| LVESV (mL) | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | 0.040 | 1.04 | 1.02–1.06 | 0..001 | |
| LVEF (%) | 0.94 | 0.90–0.99 | 0.012 | 0.94 | 0.91–0.98 | 0.001 | |
| Mass (g) | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.080 | 1.01 | 1.01–1.02 | 0.003 | |
| RVEDV (mL) | 0.97 | 0.94–1.00 | 0.080 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.333 | |
| RVESV (mL) | 1.00 | 0.95–1.04 | 0.870 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.04 | 0.657 | |
| RVEF (%) | 0.95 | 0.90–1.00 | 0.058 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | 0.041 | |
| LAVmin (mL) | 1.02 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.266 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | 0.041 | |
| LAVmax (mL) | 1.01 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.666 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.112 | |
| LAEF (%) | 0.94 | 0.89–1.00 | 0.052 | 0.94 | 0.90–0.99 | 0.013 | |
| LGE (g) | 1.02 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.177 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 0.001 | |
| GRS (%) | 0.84 | 0.78–0.93 | 0.001 | 0.88 | 0.82–0.94 | <0.001 | |
| GCS (%) | 1.53 | 1.21–1.94 | <0.001 | 1.34 | 1.17–1.54 | <0.001 | |
| GLS (%) | 1.18 | 1.05–1.34 | 0.008 | 1.21 | 1.11–1.33 | <0.001 | |
| RRS (%) | 0.82 | 0.72–0.93 | 0.003 | 0.85 | 0.77–0.93 | <0.001 | |
| RCS (%) | 1.45 | 1.17–1.79 | 0.001 | 1.33 | 1.14–1.55 | <0.001 | |
| RLS (%) | 1.05 | 0.96–1.15 | 0.280 | 1.04 | 0.96–1.12 | 0.331 | |
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; SCD, sudden cardiac death; NYHA, New York Heart Association; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; LVWT, LV wall thickness; LVEDV, LV end diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end systolic volume; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; RVEDV, RV end diastolic volume; RVESV, RV end systolic volume; RVEF, RV ejection fraction; LAV, left atrial volume; LAEF, left atrial ejection fraction; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; GRS, global radial strain; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; RRS, regional radial strain of hypertrophic segments; RCS, regional circumferential strain of hypertrophic segments; RLS, regional longitudinal strain of hypertrophic segments.