Table 2.
Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer Exploratory Factor Analysis (N = 117)
| Factor loadings | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item description | F1 | F2 | F3 | |
| Trust/mistrust | Barriers/costs | Support for participation | F4 Incentives | |
| I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial if researchers learn more about my cancer and how to treat it.a | 0.79 | −0.00 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial because I trust the medical team.b | 0.71 | 0.23 | −0.09 | 0.43 |
| I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial if I know exactly what I will be asked to do.b | 0.71 | 0.29 | −0.01 | 0.38 |
| I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial because I trust the medical institution.b | 0.68 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.37 |
| I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial if it gives me more contact with the health care team.b | 0.61 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.08 |
| I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial if it gives me access to tests/medicine and equipment that my insurance won't cover.b | 0.58 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
| I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial if I get access to tests/medicine and equipment not available to the public.b | 0.58 | −0.00 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
| Researchers sometimes intentionally hide information from participants before their participation in a clinical trial.a | −0.35 | 0.15 | −0.06 | 0.14 |
| Personal and financial information given during a clinical trial does not stay private and might hurt me or people I care about.b | −0.48 | 0.13 | −0.19 | 0.04 |
| Researchers are motivated by their own career goals and not the welfare of the people who participate in their clinical trials.b | −0.47 | 0.15 | −0.03 | 0.26 |
| Clinical trials purposefully harm racial minority groups.a | −0.64 | 0.01 | −0.06 | 0.08 |
| I would be less likely to participate in a clinical trial if the trial involves randomization.b | 0.14 | 0.73 | −0.03 | 0.10 |
| I would be less likely to participate in a clinical trial if the trial requires a longer time on treatment/more cycles of chemotherapy.c | 0.07 | 0.71 | −0.04 | 0.18 |
| I would be less likely to participate in a clinical trial if the trial might cause me physical harm (i.e., more side effects).a | 0.24 | 0.70 | −0.14 | 0.25 |
| I would be less likely to participate in a clinical trial if the trial requires increased procedures.c | −0.03 | 0.67 | −0.04 | 0.19 |
| I think it's difficult to find time to participate in a clinical trial because I can't take more time off work/school.b | 0.04 | 0.67 | −0.06 | 0.06 |
| It would make me uncomfortable if my health care team wanted me to enroll in a clinical trial because the health care team will view me only as a “guinea pig” if we enroll.a | −0.10 | 0.64 | −0.04 | 0.02 |
| I think it's difficult to find time to participate in a clinical trial because it requires more time at the hospital/clinic and I spend too much time there already.c | −0.04 | 0.61 | −0.10 | 0.04 |
| I think it's difficult to find time to participate in a clinical trial because the trial site is too far away.c | 0.08 | 0.59 | −0.01 | 0.05 |
| It would make me uncomfortable if my health care team wanted me to enroll in a clinical trial because the health care team will treat me differently if we do not enroll.b | −0.16 | 0.54 | 0.00 | −0.10 |
| If I enroll in a clinical trial my outside physician/pediatrician would support our decision to participate.c | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.85 | −0.09 |
| If I enroll in a clinical trial my community agency (e.g., pediatric cancer foundation) or others who have experience with clinical trials (e.g., support group) would support my decision to participate.a | 0.11 | −0.09 | 0.76 | −0.05 |
| If I enroll in a clinical trial my friends would support our decision to participate.b | 0.16 | −0.19 | 0.67 | 0.13 |
| If I enroll in a clinical trial my religious leader would support our decision to participate.a | 0.01 | −0.11 | 0.66 | −0.03 |
| If I enroll in a clinical trial my health care team would support our decision to participate.b | 0.21 | −0.03 | 0.63 | 0.17 |
| If I enroll in a clinical trial my family would support our decision to participate.b | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.61 | 0.16 |
| I think more families would participate in clinical trials if the researcher provided transportation and/or housing costs.a | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.86 |
| I think more families would participate in clinical trials if the researcher provided child care.b | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.75 |
| I think more families would participate in clinical trials if the researcher provided money or gifts.b | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.79 |
Final Patient 4-factor model is shown below with 29 items retained (originally 34 items). Seventy-eight percent of covariance explained by 4 factors. Bold values represent factor loadings >0.35.
a
Modified PRPQ items for cancer.
b
Original PRPQ items.
c
New items.
Items removed due to small factor loadings or cross loadings:
*
I would be more likely to participate in a clinical trial if the researcher from the clinical trial is from the same racial group as me.b
*
Clinical trials will eventually lead to a cure or improved treatments, both for trial participants and for future patients with cancer.c
*
Participating in a clinical trial gives us a chance to give back.b
*
Families don't get enough time to make an informed decision about clinical trial enrollment.c
*
The hospital has researchers and other members of the community review clinical trials to make sure they are safe.b
PRPQ, Pediatric Research Participation Questionnaire.