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. 2021 Jan 27;71(1):78–87. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323347

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Graphical abstract. Diagram illustrating the proposed vitamin A metabolism via the gut–testis axis being indispensable for spermatogenesis. The disrupted vitamin A absorption was affected by reduced bile acid levels, which mainly due to the dramatically decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group. Notably, the abnormal vitamin A metabolism were transferable to the testicular cells through the blood circulation, which led to abnormal spermatogenesis in the MetS model. MetS, metabolic syndrome.