Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Dec 13;377(1843):20200313. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0313

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 1. — Spectrograms illustrating the hierarchical structure of humpback whale song. A single unit (trumpet) and a single phrase from Theme 25a are shown in the top panel. Theme 25a units from the single phrase in the top panel are as follows: short ascending moan, grunt, grunt, grunt, grunt, grunt, grunt, short ascending moan, trumpet, squeak, trumpet, squeak, trumpet. The repetition of phrases and the sequential singing of themes are shown in each of the subsequent panels. Spectrograms were 2048 point FFT, Hann window, 31 Hz resolution, and 75% overlap, generated in Raven Pro 1.4. Reprinted with permission from Garland et al. [48]. The devil is in the detail: quantifying vocal variation in a complex, multi-levelled, and rapidly evolving display. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 142, 460–472 [48]. Copyright 2017, Acoustic Society of America.