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. 2021 Dec 13;377(1843):20200313. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0313

Table 1.

Summary of data included in the song complexity analysis. Song measures: number of themes per song, number of unit types per song and duration of each song in seconds.

year song type # singers # songs [# songs per singer] themes presenta song measures (mean ± s.d.)
#themes #unit types duration(s)
1998 Black 5 28 [5,5,6,6,6] 6a,6b,7a,7b,8a,8b,9a,9b,10a 4.11 ± 2.44 11.86 ± 7.64 288.61 ± 127.79
1999 Black 6 21 [2,3,3,4,4,5] 6a,6b,7a,7b,8a,8b,9a,9b,10a,10b 7.10 ± 0.94 24.43 ± 4.79 511.62 ± 191.50
2000 Black 5 21 [2,3,3,5,8] 6a,7a,7b,8b,9a,9b,10a,10b,11,12,13,15a,15b 5.71 ± 2.88 22.81 ± 13.46 386.33 ± 231.70
2001 Dark blue 6 29 [3,4,4,6,6,6] 17a,17b,18,19,20,21,22 5.21 ± 1.61 20.41 ± 6.58 402.14 ± 173.68
2002 Blue 4 16 [2,2,5,7] 23,25a,25b,26a,26b,27,28b,29,30b 6.06 ± 0.85 20.81 ± 3.53 514.69 ± 169.18
2003 Blue 7 28 [1,1,3,3,3,8,9] 23,24,25a,25b,26b,27,28a,28b,29,30a,30b 8.82 ± 0.94 29.75 ± 4.43 616.04 ± 143.42
2004 a Blue 1 5 25b,26b,27,28a,29,30a,30b 6.40 ± 0.55 23.40 ± 3.44 433.40 ± 157.27
2004 b Dark red 3 23 [7,8,8] 31,32,33,34,36,37a,37b 4.39 ± 1.37 11.04 ± 4.14 266.35 ± 106.12
2005 Dark red 6 28 [3,4,4,5,6,6] 31,32,33,34,35,36,37a,37b 4.93 ± 1.02 18.21 ± 3.56 379.04 ± 157.31
2006 Light red 3 15 [3,6,6] 38,39,40,41,43 4.60 ± 0.51 25.00 ± 4.41 321.93 ± 129.07
total 5 song types 46 214 47 themes

aThemes were identified in multiple, previous studies [20,48,49,58,6366].