Table 4.
Data of VA-ECMO patients with or without elevated EAA levels at T3.
| VA-ECMO | Δ EAA T3−T1 < 0 (n = 12) | Δ EAA T3−T1 ≥ 0(n = 18) | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 66 (58–71) | 63 (48–68) | 0.439 |
| SAVE score | −5 (−10 to −1) | −10 (−11 to −4) | 0.232 |
| APACHE II score | 30 (25–37) | 28 (24–36) | 0.692 |
| ECMO indication | |||
| E-CPR | 4 | 6 | |
| Heart failure | 7 | 8 | |
| Postcardiotomy | 0 | 3 | |
| Septic shock | 1 | 1 | |
| ECMO free daysa | 23 (15–25) | 3 (0–21) | 0.028 |
| ICU free daysb | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 0.602 |
| 30-day survival | 10 (83%) | 7 (39%) | 0.026 |
| T1 Number, n (%) | 12 (40%) | 18 (60%) | |
| EAA | 0.42 (0.24–0.51) | 0.28 (0.17–0.42) | 0.146 |
| WBC (k/μL) | 12.9 (10.3–15.2) | 11.9 (9.1–15.9) | 0.602 |
| Inotropic score | 9.9 (3.9–30.6) | 3.7 (0–15.8) | 0.215 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 9.0 (3.4–13.2) | 9.2 (7.0–12.5) | 0.662 |
| T2 Number, n (%) | 12 (41%) | 17 (59%) | |
| EAA | 0.25 (0.12–0.47) | 0.46 (0.35–0.52) | 0.034 |
| WBC (k/μL) | 11.3 (9.3–13.0) | 12.9 (11.3–16.9) | 0.087 |
| Inotropic score | 4.8 (2.4–9.1) | 7.6 (0.0–22.1) | 0.647 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.5 (1.7–2.9) | 3.3 (1.5–5.0) | 0.245 |
| T3 Number, n (%) | 12 (40%) | 18 (60%) | |
| EAA | 0.20 (0.11–0.30) | 0.51 (0.38–0.60) | 0.001 |
| WBC (k/μL) | 9.0 (7.5–12.5) | 11.4 (8.9–13.2) | 0.146 |
| Inotropic score | 4.9 (1.7–8.5) | 5.4 (0.0–15.9) | 0.723 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.4–2.5) | 2.9 (1.4–5.0) | 0.180 |
| T4 Number, n (%) | 11 (41%) | 16 (59%) | |
| EAA | 0.32 (0.21–0.51) | 0.48 (0.30–0.52) | 0.195 |
| WBC (k/μL) | 8.8 (6.8–10.5) | 11.5 (9.4–12.8) | 0.019 |
| Inotropic score | 1.6 (0–6.7) | 1.6 (0.0–13.1) | 1.000 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.2–3.1) | 2.1 (1.1–3.2) | 0.645 |
Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges), numbers, and percentages as appropriate. Four study time points: within 24 h (T1) and 25–48 (T2), 49–72 (T3), and 73–96 h (T4) after ECMO initiation. APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; EAA, Endotoxin Activity Assay; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit; SAVE, Survival after Venoarterial ECMO; VA-ECMO, venoarterial ECMO; WBC, white blood cell.
a
ECMO free days were defined as days free from ECMO support from ECMO initiation until day 30.
b
ICU free days were defined as days bot in the ICU, between ECMO initiation and day 30.