Table 5.

Biomarker levels in VA-ECMO patients with or without elevated EAA levels at T3.

VA-ECMO	Δ EAA T3-T1 < 0	Δ EAA T3-T1 ≥ 0	P values
T1 (within 24 h)
Procalcitonin	3 (1–16)	7 (3–16)	0.632
DAO	8 (7–21)	28 (13–76)	0.013*
Cystatin C	1 (0.6–1.2)	0.6 (0.3–1.0)	0.079
T2 (25–48 h)
Procalcitonin	5 (2-13)	8 (2–19)	0.444
DAO	5 (4–17)	14 (6–23)	0.117
Cystatin C	1 (0.6–1.2)	0.5 (0.3–1.0)	0.080
T3 (49–72 h)
Procalcitonin	2 (1–5)	8 (3–12)	0.065
DAO	5 (3–20)	6 (4–9)	0.851
Cystatin C	0.9 (0.5–1.3)	0.8 (0.4–1.0)	0.124
T4 (73–96 h)
Procalcitonin	2 (1–4)	5 (2–10)	0.241
DAO	5 (4–14)	5 (4–8)	0.698
Cystatin C	0.9 (0.5–1.2)	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.100

Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges), numbers, and percentages as appropriate. DAO; diamine oxidase; EAA, endotoxin activity assay; VA-ECMO, veno-arterial ECMO. *significant difference between patients with or without elevated EAA level from T1–T3. Study time points (T1–T4) represent the time after ECMO initiation.