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. 2021 Dec 13:1–16. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10096-021-04387-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 2 — Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) for the direct effect of participation group (wastewater treatment plant–WWTP–worker, nearby resident, distant resident) as a proxy for exposure routes (ingestion of droplets, hand-to-mouth contact, or inhalation of aerosols) in and around the local WWTP on the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in stool samples, AWARE Study, 2021