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. 2021 Nov 29;9:784367. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784367

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Copyright © 2021 Egea.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Membrane contact sites and their associated proteinaceous tethers in yeast. (A) Schematic of a yeast cell showing some of the MCSs existing between diverse organelles together with some of the identified proteinaceous tethers mediating juxtaposition of their membranes. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; PM, plasma membrane; LD, lipid droplets; ERMES, ER-mitochondrion encounter structure; vCLAMP, vacuole and mitochondria patch; NVJ, nuclear ER-vacuole junctions. Ups/Mdm35, at the inner mitochondrial membrane space interface (IMMSI); Atg2 at the ER-to-autophagosome contact site; Vps13 at vCLAMP and NVJ. Lam6, NVJ protein 2 and NVJ protein 1 associated to Vac8 and Osh1 at NVJ; Seipins at ER-LD contact sites (yeast and Metazoans); Tricalbins/E-SYTs (yeast/Metazoans) at ER-PM contact sites. Colored arrows indicate directionality of lipid exchange. (B) Schematic organization of some of the tethers/LTPs at the MCSs described as examples.