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. 2021 Nov 29;12:714163. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714163

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Copyright © 2021 Zheng, Zhang, Huang, Zhong, Wang, Wang, Yang, Wang, Pan, Situ, Lin, Liu, Shi and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SNS inhibits the cortisol-induced stemness of breast cancer cells by suppressing GRP78. (A) The ALDH⁺ cell population induced by cortisol was analyzed in 4T1 cells after treatment with SNS at a gradient concentration for 24 h. (B) The size and number of mammospheres induced by cortisol were quantified following treatment with SNS for 24 h (the scale bars indicate 100 μm). (C) Following SNS treatment for 24 h, the protein and mRNA expression of GRP78 in the 4T1 cells under cortisol treatment was measured by western blots (upper panel) and qPCR (lower panel), respectively. (D) The effect of GRP78 overexpression on the anti-CSCs activity of SNS was analyzed by flow cytometry. (E) The effect of GRP78 overexpression on the inhibited activity of SNS on the mammosphere formation ability was analyzed (the scale bars indicate 100 μm). Data are represented as the mean value ±SD. One representative experiment of three independent experiments is displayed, and one-way ANOVA and Dunnett t-test (A, B, C) or Bonferroni’s test (D, E) as post hoc tests were applied.