TABLE 2—
Weighted Prevalence of Suboptimal General, Physical, and Mental Health by Home Health Care Workers’ Characteristics: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2014–2018
| Fair or Poor Health | ≥ 14 Days Physical Health Not Good | ≥ 14 Days Mental Health Not Good | ||||
| Weighted % (95% CI) | P a | Weighted % (95% CI) | P a | Weighted % (95% CI) | P a | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, y | .75 | .004 | .049 | |||
| 18–34 | 29.7 (13.1, 51.5)b | 6.6 (3.7, 10.7) | 25.9 (16.4, 37.5) | |||
| 35–54 | 26.2 (18.8, 34.6) | 16.8 (10.4, 25.0) | 22.3 (14.7, 31.6) | |||
| ≥ 55 | 23.2 (17.7, 29.4) | 19.9 (12.2, 29.7) | 11.8 (7.9, 16.7) | |||
| Gender | .06 | .001 | .028 | |||
| Men | 16.1 (8.4, 27.0) | 4.7 (1.9, 9.4)b | 12.0 (6.7, 19.4) | |||
| Women | 27.7 (20.0, 36.4) | 15.1 (11.0, 20.0) | 21.8 (16.7, 27.6) | |||
| Race/ethnicity | .50 | .42 | .31 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 25.6 (12.3, 43.4) | 11.2 (7.6, 15.9) | 18.4 (12.7, 25.4) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 23.7 (15.5, 33.6) | 13.2 (6.9, 22.3) | 25.4 (15.3, 37.7) | |||
| Non-Hispanic other | 18.8 (8.4, 34.1)b | c | 11.3 (5.0, 21.2)b | |||
| Hispanic | 35.0 (24.1, 47.3) | 19.7 (10.0, 33.0) | 23.2 (13.0, 36.2) | |||
| Marital status | .12 | .92 | .15 | |||
| Married | 19.2 (13.2, 26.4) | 15.1 (8.9, 23.4) | 17.5 (11.2, 25.4) | |||
| Not married | 25.9 (20.7, 31.7) | 14.7 (10.2, 20.3) | 24.5 (18.5, 31.2) | |||
| Education | < .001 | .34 | .18 | |||
| < high school | 51.4 (30.3, 72.1) | 20.8 (10.1, 35.6) | 31.9 (16.6, 50.7) | |||
| High-school graduate | 18.7 (13.9, 24.3) | 13.6 (7.6, 21.8) | 17.7 (11.4, 25.5) | |||
| Some college or technical school | 19.2 (14.1, 25.3) | 9.8 (6.5, 14.1) | 16.9 (12.2, 22.4) | |||
| ≥ college graduate | 20.8 (6.2, 44.3)b | c | 19.9 (5.6, 43.7)b | |||
| Household income, $ | .030 | < .001 | .005 | |||
| < 20 000 | 32.6 (25.1, 40.9) | 25.3 (16.6, 35.7) | 30.8 (22.2, 40.5) | |||
| 20 000‒34 999 | 19.6 (13.9, 26.5) | 7.3 (5.0, 10.1) | 13.1 (9.1, 18.0) | |||
| ≥ 35 000 | 18.2 (8.7, 31.6)b | 8.6 (4.8, 13.9) | 19.1 (9.3, 32.9) | |||
| Housing status | .049 | .70 | .09 | |||
| Own home | 19.6 (13.6, 26.9) | 15.1 (9.5, 22.4) | 16.1 (10.3, 23.5) | |||
| Does not own home (rents home or other arrangement) | 31.2 (20.5, 43.6) | 13.5 (8.8, 19.7) | 24.4 (17.6, 32.3) | |||
| Not covered by health plan | .001 | .28 | .89 | |||
| Yes | 46.3 (24.8, 69.0) | 18.9 (8.0, 34.9)b | 21.5 (10.0, 37.7)b | |||
| No | 20.6 (16.6, 25.0) | 12.5 (9.2, 16.6) | 20.6 (15.9, 25.9) | |||
| Health behaviors | ||||||
| Smoking status | .051 | .44 | .30 | |||
| Current smoker | 39.0 (18.6, 62.7)b | 15.4 (8.5, 24.8) | 26.5 (15.5, 40.2) | |||
| Former smoker | 30.4 (18.9, 44.0) | 19.0 (11.6, 28.5) | 24.7 (13.3, 39.3) | |||
| Never smoked | 20.4 (15.4, 26.2) | 12.4 (7.2, 19.6) | 17.6 (11.9, 24.6) | |||
| Any alcoholic beverages in past 30 d | .77 | .87 | .025 | |||
| Yes | 26.0 (19.0, 34.0) | 14.9 (9.3, 22.1) | 27.3 (19.3, 36.5) | |||
| No | 27.9 (17.2, 40.9) | 14.2 (9.1, 20.7) | 16.5 (11.3, 23.0) | |||
| Binge drinking | .63 | .89 | .40 | |||
| No | 27.5 (19.4, 36.8) | 14.3 (10.1, 19.3) | 20.3 (15.2, 26.3) | |||
| Yes | 23.9 (13.2, 37.8) | 15.1 (6.2, 28.8)b | 25.4 (15.0, 38.3) | |||
| Any leisure-time physical activity | .66 | < .001 | .09 | |||
| Yes | 25.9 (16.3, 37.4) | 9.5 (6.1, 13.8) | 18.5 (13.4, 24.5) | |||
| No | 28.9 (20.9, 37.9) | 26.3 (17.4, 36.9) | 27.4 (18.1, 38.5) | |||
| Inadequate sleepd | .56 | < .001 | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 29.3 (21.4, 38.2) | 23.7 (15.3, 34.0) | 31.2 (21.9, 41.7) | |||
| No | 24.6 (12.8, 39.9) | 6.8 (4.4, 10.0) | 11.2 (7.6, 15.7) | |||
| Health care access and utilization | ||||||
| No personal doctor | .07 | .66 | .63 | |||
| Yes | 40.1 (18.0, 65.6) | 12.3 (4.8, 24.6)b | 18.6 (9.1, 32.0) | |||
| No | 22.6 (18.1, 27.6) | 14.7 (10.6, 19.5) | 21.7 (16.6, 27.4) | |||
| No routine check-up within 1 y | .85 | .68 | .63 | |||
| Yes | 25.6 (17.9, 34.7) | 15.6 (8.1, 26.2) | 22.9 (14.9, 32.5) | |||
| No | 26.8 (18.1, 37.1) | 13.7 (9.5, 18.8) | 20.4 (15.0, 26.8) | |||
| Access to doctor limited by cost | < .001 | .041 | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 48.5 (31.6, 65.7) | 21.0 (11.6, 33.5) | 38.0 (23.8, 53.9) | |||
| No | 16.6 (13.5, 20.1) | 10.9 (7.5, 15.2) | 13.1 (10.1, 16.5) | |||
| Adult flu shot (or spray) in past 12 mo | .08 | .68 | .28 | |||
| Yes | 20.6 (15.5, 26.5) | 13.3 (7.8, 20.7) | 17.7 (11.9, 24.8) | |||
| No | 30.4 (19.6, 43.1) | 15.1 (9.9, 21.6) | 22.8 (16.1, 30.8) | |||
| Pneumonia shot ever | .97 | .72 | .09 | |||
| Yes | 27.4 (18.1, 38.3) | 15.4 (8.0, 25.7) | 28.5 (17.6, 41.6) | |||
| No | 27.0 (16.6, 39.7) | 13.7 (8.9, 19.8) | 18.5 (13.2, 24.9) | |||
| No dentist visit within 1 yd | .019 | .22 | .87 | |||
| Yes | 34.7 (21.6, 49.7) | 17.4 (9.7, 27.8) | 20.9 (13.7, 29.8) | |||
| No | 19.4 (13.6, 26.4) | 11.7 (7.4, 17.3) | 20.0 (12.8, 29.1) | |||
| Clinical comorbidities | ||||||
| Heart disease | .80 | .04 | .84 | |||
| Yes | 28.7 (12.7, 49.8)b | 32.5 (12.0, 59.4)b | 19.4 (7.2, 38.2)b | |||
| No | 26.3 (18.9, 34.7) | 13.4 (9.6, 17.9) | 21.0 (16.2, 26.4) | |||
| Stroke | .41 | .66 | .59 | |||
| Yes | 36.2 (14.4, 63.1)b | 17.4 (5.0, 38.7)b | 16.3 (4.4, 37.2)b | |||
| No | 26.3 (19.0, 34.7) | 14.0 (10.2, 18.6) | 21.0 (16.3, 26.5) | |||
| Obesity | < .001 | .20 | .63 | |||
| Yes | 37.9 (24.5, 52.9) | 11.9 (7.9, 17.0) | 22.4 (14.3, 32.3) | |||
| No | 18.3 (13.3, 24.2) | 16.7 (10.6, 24.5) | 19.8 (14.1, 26.6) | |||
| Depression | .024 | < .001 | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 39.5 (29.2, 50.5) | 26.6 (17.2, 38.0) | 49.2 (38.7, 59.7) | |||
| No | 21.8 (12.9, 33.2) | 9.5 (6.2, 13.7) | 10.5 (7.1, 14.8) | |||
| Diabetes | .025 | < .001 | .08 | |||
| Yes | 44.8 (28.5, 61.9) | 34.9 (18.1, 55.1) | 33.3 (16.6, 53.8) | |||
| No | 24.3 (16.4, 33.6) | 11.2 (8.0, 15.0) | 19.2 (14.6, 24.4) | |||
| Arthritis | .01 | .002 | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 41.4 (31.7, 51.6) | 24.3 (16.4, 33.6) | 38.0 (27.5, 49.5) | |||
| No | 21.5 (12.7, 32.7) | 10.6 (6.6, 15.9) | 15.4 (11.1, 20.5) | |||
| Cancer | .16 | .008 | .76 | |||
| Yes | 36.7 (24.3, 50.5) | 30.4 (16.0, 48.3) | 22.7 (12.0, 36.8) | |||
| No | 26.1 (18.7, 34.7) | 13.3 (9.5, 17.9) | 20.8 (15.9, 26.3) | |||
| COPD | .63 | .005 | .002 | |||
| Yes | 30.0 (18.2, 44.1) | 30.2 (16.8, 46.6) | 42.0 (26.0, 59.3) | |||
| No | 26.4 (18.9, 35.1) | 12.9 (9.1, 17.6) | 19.3 (14.6, 24.9) | |||
| Current asthma | .36 | .06 | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 32.1 (21.7, 44.0) | 22.4 (12.8, 34.8) | 39.8 (26.0, 54.9) | |||
| No | 25.5 (17.4, 35.1) | 12.7 (8.7, 17.6) | 17.6 (13.1, 23.0) | |||
| Hypertensione | < .001 | .047 | .13 | |||
| Yes | 36.7 (27.2, 47.1) | 15.3 (8.5, 24.6) | 21.2 (13.5, 30.7) | |||
| No | 13.3 (8.4, 19.7) | 8.3 (5.5, 12.0) | 14.3 (9.8, 19.9) | |||
| High cholesterole | .12 | .20 | .81 | |||
| Yes | 26.4 (15.9, 39.3) | 13.2 (6.5, 23.1) | 15.3 (7.9, 25.8) | |||
| No | 16.7 (10.9, 24.1) | 8.3 (5.4, 12.2) | 14.1 (9.3, 20.1) | |||
Note. CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
aRao‒Scott χ2 test of association between each characteristic and each outcome.
bEstimates with relative standard error (RSE) of > 30% to ≤ 50% and should be interpreted with caution.
cEstimates with RSE > 50% were suppressed because of low precision.
dOnly data from 2014, 2016, and 2018 available.
eOnly data from 2015 and 2017 available.