Figure 2. Process of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy in Patients and Barriers for Delivery in the Tumor Microenvironment.
CAF indicates cancer-associated fibroblast; CXCL, chemokine ligand; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; IL, interleukin; LH, L domain of the light chain; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; NO, nitric oxide; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; Treg, regulatory T cell.