Fig. 8.

Schematic diagram of the 3D printing analysis Ai) schematic diagram of the printing error caused by light penetration; Aii) the axonometric diagram of the “winding stairs” model to measure the 3D printing error; Aiii) the schematic diagram of the unfolded winding stairs for the analysis; Bi) the printing resolution at different light intensities for PWM 30, 40, and 50 (corresponding to 3, 4, and 5 mW cm⁻²) for increasing exposure times; Bii) the printing resolution at different line widths (50, 100, and 150 μm) for increasing exposure times; Biii) the printing resolution of different GelMA concentrations (7.5%, 10%, and 15% wt) for increasing exposure times; Biv) the printing resolution of 10% GelMA hydrogel for different tartrazine concentrations (0, 0.5%, and 1.0% wt).