Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the study population by statin use in CHD or non-CHD population.
| Non CHD (N = 2885) | CHD (N = 248) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Statin (N = 279) |
Non-Statin (N = 2606) | p | All | Statin (N = 125) |
Non-Statin (N = 123) | p | |
| Age | 61 (20) | 65 (15) | 60 (20) | < 0.001 | 69.5 (13) | 71 (13) | 69 (15) | 0.377 |
| Sex | 1463 (50.7%) | 154 (55.2%) | 1309 (50.2%) | 0.115 | 109 (44%) | 58 (46.4%) | 51 (41.5%) | 0.436 |
| 1422 (49.3%) | 125 (44.8%) | 1297 (49.8%) | 139 (56%) | 67 (53.6%) | 72 (58.5%) | |||
| Hospital Stay | 19.53 (18.8) | 24.89 (25.14) | 18.86 (18.1) | < 0.001 | 21.48 (19.76) | 25.36 (24.87) | 18.03 (15.66) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 978 (33.9%) | 138 (49.5%) | 840 (32.2%) | < 0.001 | 181 (73%) | 96 (76.8%) | 85 (69.1%) | 0.174 |
| Dyslipidemia | 22 (0.8%) | 11 (3.9%) | 11 (0.4%) | < 0.001 | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.322 |
| Aortic Dissection | 3 (0.1%) | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.1%) | 0.165 | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.322 |
| Heart Failure | 21 (0.7%) | 5 (1.8%) | 16 (0.6%) | 0.028 | 12 (4.8%) | 8 (6.4%) | 4 (3.3%) | 0.25 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 11 (0.4%) | 3 (1.1%) | 8 (0.3%) | 0.048 | 9 (3.6%) | 6 (4.8%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.322 |
| Other arrhythmia | 316 (11%) | 38 (13.6%) | 278 (10.7%) | 0.134 | 17 (6.9%) | 8 (6.4%) | 9 (7.3%) | 0.776 |
| Diabetes milieus | 342 (11.9%) | 67 (24%) | 275 (10.6%) | < 0.001 | 72 (29%) | 38 (30.4%) | 34 (27.6%) | 0.634 |
| Lung disease | 174 (6%) | 16 (5.7%) | 158 (6.1%) | 0.827 | 25 (10.1%) | 11 (8.8%) | 14 (11.4%) | 0.501 |
| Renal insufficiency | 54 (1.9%) | 8 (2.9%) | 46 (1.8%) | 0.197 | 15 (6%) | 4 (3.2%) | 11 (8.9%) | 0.058 |
| Stroke | 90 (3.1%) | 30 (10.8%) | 60 (2.3%) | < 0.001 | 12 (4.8%) | 8 (6.4%) | 4 (3.3%) | 0.25 |
| Tumor | 118 (4.1%) | 7 (2.5%) | 111 (4.3%) | 0.161 | 11 (4.4%) | 6 (4.8%) | 5 (4.1%) | 0.78 |
| Liver disease | 52 (1.8%) | 2 (0.7%) | 50 (1.9%) | 0.152 | 3 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.08 |
| Lab on admission | ||||||||
|
BNP (pg/ml) |
81 (277.5) | 91 (398) | 80 (265.25) | 0.826 | 326 (821.5) | 445 (883) | 224 (789) | 0.855 |
| Hs-cTnI (ng/ml) | 3.8 (6.2) | 5 (7.1) | 3.6 (5.93) | 0.675 | 8.1 (20.58) | 8.1 (14.25) | 8.2 (48.5) | 0.181 |
| ALT (u/l) | 22 (24) | 24 (21) | 22 (24) | 0.39 | 23 (24) | 23 (23.5) | 24 (25) | 0.999 |
| AST (u/l) | 25 (18) | 24 (16) | 25 (18.25) | 0.284 | 25 (24.75) | 26 (17) | 25 (27) | 0.248 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 68 (27) | 68 (24) | 68 (27) | 0.631 | 74 (34) | 73 (29) | 74 (42) | 0.875 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.19 (0.64) | 4.21 (0.75) | 4.18 (0.64) | 0.665 | 4.2 (0.78) | 4.16 (0.83) | 4.25 (0.76) | 0.137 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 139.9 (4) | 139.6 (4.8) | 139.9 (4) | 0.027 | 139.8 (5.07) | 138.9 (6.25) | 140.4 (4.6) | 0.007 |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.16 (0.17) | 2.16 (0.17) | 2.16 (0.17) | 0.529 | 2.14 (0.16) | 2.13 (0.16) | 2.15 (0.18) | 0.742 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.87 (2.31) | 6.15 (2.81) | 5.85 (2.25) | 0.004 | 6.28 (2.34) | 6.22 (2.55) | 6.37 (2.22) | 0.924 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.4 (8.4) | 35.6 (7.5) | 36.5 (8.4) | 0.122 | 35 (7.38) | 35.5 (7.5) | 34.3 (7) | 0.137 |
| LDH (U/L) | 247 (140.5) | 247 (122) | 246 (143) | 0.267 | 263.5 (165.5) | 265 (151.5) | 251 (230) | 0.045 |
| Hb (g/l) | 127 (22) | 124 (21) | 127 (22) | 0.072 | 125.5 (24.75) | 125 (21.5) | 127 (27) | 0.818 |
| WBC (× 109/l) | 5.83 (3) | 6.11 (2.92) | 5.8 (2.98) | 0.118 | 6.05 (3.03) | 5.99 (2.79) | 6.05 (3.02) | 0.08 |
| Lymph (× 109/l) | 1.21 (0.86) | 1.23 (0.77) | 1.21 (0.87) | 0.836 | 1.04 (0.92) | 1.09 (0.82) | 0.98 (0.95) | 0.569 |
| PLT (× 109/l) | 222 (116) | 232 (130) | 220 (114.25) | 0.005 | 214.5 (131) | 214 (144.5) | 215 (119) | 0.327 |
| hs_CRP (mg/l) | 11.1 (57) | 10 (51) | 11.1 (57.33) | 0.348 | 15.7 (55.4) | 16.9 (53.6) | 14.2 (55.7) | 0.349 |
| IL_2 (pg/ml) | 519 (477.5) | 501 (403) | 520 (495.25) | 0.053 | 609 (563.75) | 570 (503) | 653 (664) | 0.059 |
| IL_6 (pg/ml) | 4.79 (19) | 5.95 (14.88) | 4.71 (19.59) | 0.614 | 9.42 (22.95) | 8.35 (21.15) | 10.89 (28.09) | 0.036 |
| TNF-α (ng/ml) | 7.9 (4.4) | 8.1 (4.2) | 7.9 (4.5) | 0.255 | 8.95 (5.18) | 8.8 (5.2) | 9.1 (5.4) | 0.341 |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.276 | 0.07 (0.11) | 0.06 (0.1) | 0.08 (0.13) | 0.289 |
| APTT (s) | 38.7 (6.5) | 38.5 (6) | 38.7 (6.5) | 0.102 | 38.45 (6.28) | 38.5 (7.2) | 38.4 (5.7) | 0.769 |
| PT_INR (s) | 1.05 (0.12) | 1.05 (0.14) | 1.06 (0.12) | 0.448 | 1.07 (0.12) | 1.06 (0.1) | 1.08 (0.17) | 0.05 |
| D_Dimer (μg/ml) | 0.64 (1.38) | 0.73 (1.4) | 0.64 (1.35) | 0.764 | 0.93 (1.76) | 0.83 (1.43) | 1.02 (2.14) | 0.051 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.85 (1.24) | 3.9 (1.48) | 3.85 (1.2) | 0.051 | 3.38 (1.27) | 3.23 (1.04) | 3.56 (1.52) | 0.036 |
| 7-days after admission | ||||||||
| APTT (s) | 38.2 (6) | 38.1 (5.7) | 38.2 (6.1) | 0.215 | 38.55 (7.1) | 39.1 (7.1) | 38.4 (7.4) | 0.656 |
| PT_INR | 1.04 (0.11) | 1.04 (0.13) | 1.04 (0.11) | 0.193 | 1.06 (0.15) | 1.05 (0.11) | 1.06 (0.19) | 0.372 |
| D_Dimer (μg/ml) | 0.49 (0.97) | 0.51 (0.82) | 0.49 (0.99) | 0.028 | 0.79 (1.73) | 0.61 (1.37) | 0.96 (2.3) | 0.004 |
| hs_CRP (mg/l) | 2 (7.4) | 1.9 (5.3) | 2.1 (7.53) | 0.008 | 3.75 (28.23) | 2.7 (13.6) | 4.6 (53.9) | 0.005 |
| IL_2 (pg/ml) | 443 (373) | 429 (329) | 446 (384.75) | 0.011 | 540.5 (509.75) | 508 (427.5) | 594 (676) | 0.072 |
| IL_6 (pg/ml) | 3.16 (7.01) | 3.25 (6.52) | 3.15 (7.06) | 0.163 | 5.87 (21.19) | 4.96 (11.08) | 9.5 (40.74) | 0.023 |
| TNF-α (ng/ml) | 7.7 (4.55) | 8.1 (4.5) | 7.6 (4.5) | 0.63 | 8.65 (6.08) | 8.8 (4.95) | 8.4 (7.7) | 0.16 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.26 (1.36) | 4.11 (1.54) | 4.28 (1.34) | 0.082 | 3.56 (1.55) | 3.4 (1.15) | 3.98 (1.93) | 0.064 |
| Lab Peak | ||||||||
| IL2peak | 545 (507) | 518 (395) | 547.5 (514.75) | 0.011 | 657 (673.5) | 624 (573.5) | 679 (804) | 0.118 |
| IL6peak | 5.99 (23.95) | 6.85 (17.85) | 5.94 (24.62) | 0.15 | 11.52 (36.42) | 10.52 (29.49) | 11.69 (47.46) | 0.02 |
| TNFapeak | 8.6 (4.8) | 8.8 (4.3) | 8.6 (5) | 0.516 | 9.75 (5.95) | 9.6 (4.95) | 9.9 (6.7) | 0.143 |
| CRPpeak | 13.5 (60.5) | 13.5 (55.9) | 13.5 (61.73) | 0.218 | 24 (73.35) | 27 (71.4) | 19.4 (88.2) | 0.175 |
| Medicine | ||||||||
| Norepinephrine | 202 (7%) | 16 (5.7%) | 186 (7.1%) | 0.383 | 35 (14.1%) | 12 (9.6%) | 23 (18.7%) | 0.04 |
| Epinephrine | 294 (10.2%) | 19 (6.8%) | 275 (10.6%) | 0.05 | 48 (19.4%) | 18 (14.4%) | 30 (24.4%) | 0.047 |
| Dopamine | 171 (5.9%) | 12 (4.3%) | 159 (6.1%) | 0.226 | 29 (11.7%) | 13 (10.4%) | 16 (13%) | 0.525 |
| Dobutamine | 33 (1.1%) | 3 (1.1%) | 30 (1.2%) | 0.91 | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (1.6%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.573 |
| Aspirin | 171 (5.9%) | 98 (35.1%) | 73 (2.8%) | < 0.001 | 98 (39.5%) | 74 (59.2%) | 24 (19.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 73 (2.5%) | 48 (17.2%) | 25 (1%) | < 0.001 | 69 (27.8%) | 53 (42.4%) | 16 (13%) | < 0.001 |
| Ticagrelor | 5 (0.2%) | 4 (1.4%) | 1 (0%) | < 0.001 | 9 (3.6%) | 8 (6.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.019 |
| Methylprednisolone | 791 (27.4%) | 68 (24.4%) | 723 (27.7%) | 0.23 | 82 (33.1%) | 35 (28%) | 47 (38.2%) | 0.088 |
| ACEI | 69 (2.4%) | 20 (7.2%) | 49 (1.9%) | < 0.001 | 23 (9.3%) | 15 (12%) | 8 (6.5%) | 0.137 |
| ARB | 281 (9.7%) | 63 (22.6%) | 218 (8.4%) | < 0.001 | 67 (27%) | 47 (37.6%) | 20 (16.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Βeta-blocker | 61 (2.1%) | 12 (4.3%) | 49 (1.9%) | 0.008 | 30 (12.1%) | 23 (18.4%) | 7 (5.7%) | 0.002 |
| CCB | 348 (12.1%) | 51 (18.3%) | 297 (11.4%) | 0.001 | 67 (27%) | 41 (32.8%) | 26 (21.1%) | 0.039 |
| Non-invasive ventilator (%) | 341 (11.8%) | 39 (14%) | 302 (11.6%) | 0.24 | 34 (13.7%) | 18 (14.4%) | 16 (13%) | 0.751 |
| Invasive Ventilator (%) | 256 (8.9%) | 26 (9.3%) | 230 (8.8%) | 0.783 | 29 (11.7%) | 12 (9.6%) | 17 (13.8%) | 0.303 |
| ECMO (%) | 26 (0.9%) | 3 (1.1%) | 23 (0.9%) | 0.746 | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.322 |
| Type | ||||||||
| 1 | 860 (29.8%) | 58 (20.8%) | 802 (30.8%) | 0.004 | 28 (11.3%) | 11 (8.8%) | 17 (13.8%) | 0.761 |
| 2 | 1075 (37.3%) | 118 (42.3%) | 957 (36.7%) | 100 (40.3%) | 55 (44%) | 45 (36.6%) | ||
| 3 | 950 (32.9%) | 103 (36.9%) | 847 (32.5%) | 120 (48.4%) | 59 (47.2%) | 61 (49.6%) | ||
CHD, coronary heart disease; BNP, serum B-type natriuretic peptide; TNI, Troponin I; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate transaminase; Cr, Creatinine; ALB, Albumin; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; WBC, White blood cell; Lymph, Lymphocyte; Plt, Platelet; CRP, C Reactive Protein; IL-2, Interleukin 2; IL-6, Interleukin 6; TNF-α, P.C.T., Procalcitonin; Tumor necrosis factor-α; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio; TC, Total Cholesterol; ACEI, Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CCB, Calcium Channel Blocker; ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Continuous variables are presented as median (IQR), categorical variables are presented as n percentage.