Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Derivation cohort (n = 872) | Validation cohort (n = 1,158) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (y) | 82.0 ± 8.1 | 80.6 ± 8.2 | < 0.001 |
| Male | 461 (52.9) | 737 (63.6) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 411 (47.1) | 421 (36.4) | < 0.001 |
| Bedridden state | 192 (22.0) | 255 (22.0) | 0.999 |
| Long-term care facility resident | 213 (24.4) | 183 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Malignant disease | 27 (3.1) | 129 (11.1) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disorder | 265 (30.4) | 321 (27.7) | 0.189 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 277 (31.8) | 488 (42.1) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic heart disease | 152 (17.4) | 338 (29.2) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 33 (3.8) | 50 (4.3) | 0.547 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 34 (3.9) | 107 (9.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 140 (16.1) | 222 (19.2) | 0.068 |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 23 (2.6) | 73 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressor infusion | 9 (1.0) | 40 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Duration of hospitalization (days) | 27.7 ± 29.2 | 18.5 ± 30.0 | < 0.001 |
| 30-day mortality | 66 (7.6) | 86 (7.4) | 0.904 |
| In-hospital mortality | 109 (12.5) | 106 (9.2) | 0.016 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).