Table 2.
Univariate analysis and LASSO regression of prognostic factors associated with 30-day mortality.
| Survivors (n = 806) | Non-survivors (n = 66) | Univariate analysis | LASSO regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | EC (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (y) | 81.7 ± 8.1 | 86.4 ± 6.0 | – | < 0.001 | –0.030 (− 0.062–0.001) | 0.061 |
| Male | 419 (52.0) | 42 (63.6) | 1.62 (0.961–2.72) | 0.066 | 0.370 (− 0.155–0.896) | 0.167 |
| Bedridden state | 159 (19.7) | 33 (50.0) | 4.07 (2.44–6.80) | < 0.001 | 0.592 (0.019–1.16) | 0.043 |
| Long-term care facility resident | 189 (23.5) | 24 (36.4) | 1.87 (1.10–3.16) | 0.024 | 0 (0–0) | 1.000 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Malignant disease | 23 (2.9) | 4 (6.1) | 2.20 (0.736–6.55) | 0.141 | 0 (0–0) | 1.000 |
| Cerebrovascular disorder | 236 (29.3) | 29 (43.9) | 1.89 (1.14–3.15) | 0.016 | 0 (0–0) | 1.000 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 258 (32.0) | 19 (28.8) | 0.859 (0.494–1.49) | 0.586 | 0 (0–0) | 1.000 |
| Chronic heart disease | 139 (17.3) | 13 (19.7) | 1.18 (0.625–2.22) | 0.619 | 0 (0–0) | 1.000 |
| Chronic liver disease | 29 (3.6) | 4 (6.1) | 1.73 (0.589–5.07) | 0.306 | 0 (0–0) | 1.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 27 (3.4) | 7 (10.6) | 3.42 (1.43–8.19) | 0.013 | 0.892 (− 0.224–2.01) | 0.117 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 132 (16.4) | 8 (12.1) | 0.704 (0.329–1.51) | 0.349 | 0 (0–0) | 1.000 |
| Vital signs | ||||||
| Confusion | 95 (11.8) | 24 (36.4) | 4.28 (2.48–7.38) | < 0.001 | 0.737 (0.151–1.32) | 0.014 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.7 ± 25.3 | 123.2 ± 31.0 | – | 0.004 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.2 ± 14.8 | 69.7 ± 16.8 | – | 0.066 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 89.2 ± 17.6 | 92.0 ± 18.4 | – | 0.219 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
| Respiratory rate ≥ 30 breath/min | 93 (11.5) | 12 (18.2) | 1.70 (0.879–3.30) | 0.132 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
| Hypoxemia# | 304 (37.7) | 44 (66.7) | 3.30 (1.94–5.62) | < 0.001 | 0.622 (0.085–1.16) | 0.023 |
| Laboratory examinations | ||||||
| WBC (× 103/µl) | 11.3 ± 5.3 | 11.4 ± 7.3 | – | 0.846 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
| Hct (%) | 36.1 ± 5.3 | 33.8 ± 5.4 | – | 0.001 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
| PLT (× 104/µl) | 22.0 ± 8.2 | 19.7 ± 8.5 | – | 0.030 | 0.006 (-0.026–0.039) | 0.704 |
| Alb (g/dl) | 3.47 ± 0.50 | 2.88 ± 0.53 | – | < 0.001 | 1.33 (0.840–1.81) | < 0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 22.5 ± 13.4 | 34.2 ± 29.4 | – | < 0.001 | -0.012 (-0.023–0.001) | 0.034 |
| Na (mEq/l) | 138.4 ± 4.9 | 136.8 ± 9.5 | – | 0.020 | 0.005 (-0.035–0.045) | 0.806 |
| Glu (mg/dl) | 142.6 ± 57.3 | 144.5 ± 61.8 | – | 0.803 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 10.4 ± 8.1 | 11.3 ± 8.1 | – | 0.400 | 0–0 | 1.000 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
#Hypoxemia: SpO2 ≤ 90% or PaO2 ≤ 60 mmHg.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; EC, estimated coefficients; WBC, white blood count; Hct, hematocrit; PLT, platelet; Alb, albumin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Na, sodium; Glu, glucose; CRP, C-reactive protein.