Table 4.
Geospatial covariates used for the current estimation of snakebite risk in humans or animals (gridded and survey based).
| Category | Covariate | Description | Scaling | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental | NDVI annual average for 2018 | Continuous | No | NEOteam |
| Distance to water (Euclidean distances) | Continuous | × 0.001 | Based on GeoFabrik and OSM67 | |
| Human modification of terrestrial systems (HMTS) 2016 | Continuous | No | NASA SEDAC30 | |
| Climatic | BIO6 (min. temperature of coldest month) 1970–2000 | Continuous | × 0.1 | WorldClim64 |
| Epidemiological | Food storage | Discrete, 2 levels | No | Survey |
| Straw storage | Discrete, 2 levels | No | Survey | |
| Sleep on floor | Discrete, 2 levels | No | Survey | |
| Socio-economical | PPI | Continuous | × 0.01 | Survey |
| Livestock density | Pig density, 2010 | Continuous | × 0.001 | Harvarddataverse31 |
| Sheep density, 2010 | Continuous | × 0.001 | Harvarddataverse31 |