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. 2021 Dec 13;11:23841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03216-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of MIA by poly I:C or resiquimod on immune response in foetal brain. Foetal brain tissues were collected after 4 h MIA (PBS, poly I:C (20 mg/kg, LMW), resiquimod (2 mg/kg)). (A-H) Cytokine and chemokine mRNAs were significantly induced by resiquimod but not poly I:C compared to control (PBS). (I) Cxcl12 mRNA showed slight changes by MIA. Absolute quantification was performed via RT-qPCR and the data were normalised to Gapdh and Tbp. The individual dots are shown along with mean ± SEM. Colour indicates dams within a single treatment (same colour means “same dam”). The data were log transformed and analysed by two way-ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test (n = 14–18 independent samples; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.005, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001). Details of ANOVA F values and p values are provided in Supplementary Table 1.