Fig. 5. T cell responses in splenocytes of mice in response to SpFN vaccine at week 6 following prime-boost vaccination.

a Frequency of total CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. b Ratio of the frequency of total CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells. Bar graphs and representative flow plots demonstrate cytokine c IL-2, d IFN-γ, e TNF-α secreting CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and f IL-4 secreting CD4⁺ T cells. Dots represent data from individual mice (naive: n = 5; AH: n = 5; ALFQ: n = 11, from two independent experiments). Bars represent mean + s.d. Statistical significance between the groups was determined using a nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test with p ≤ 0.05 considered as statistically significant.