Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics.
| MDD (N = 36) |
HCs (N = 61) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 27.5 ± 5.88 | 26.16 ± 4.38 | 0.21a |
| Age (years, range) | 18–46 | 19–40 | |
| Gender (male/female) | 11/25 | 22/39 | 0.66b |
| Education (H/U/G) | 5/24/7 | 4/40/17 | 0.37b |
| Number of previous episodes | 1.64 ± 1.29 | – | – |
| Baseline headmotion (mean FD) | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.74c |
| Follow-up headmotion (mean FD) | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.14 ± 0.09 | |
| Baseline PHQ-9 | 17.58 ± 4.8 | 2.23 ± 1.9 | <0.001c |
| Follow-up PHQ-9 | 6.31 ± 5.71 | 1.41 ± 1.4 | |
| Baseline HAMD-17 | 21.86 ± 3.25 | – | <0.001a |
| Follow-up HAMD-17 | 8.11 ± 5.04 | – |
Notes: Values are shown in mean ± SD. Abbreviations: MDD major depressive disorder, HCs healthy controls, FD framewise displacement, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, HAMD-17 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, H high school, U undergraduate, G graduate.
aAge and HAMD scores were analyzed by using the two-sample t test.
bGender and education were analyzed by using the chi-square test.
cHeadmotion and PHQ-9 were analyzed by using two-way repeated analysis of covariance.