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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2022 Mar 1;163(3):474–482. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002370

Table 3.

The association between cognitive function and within-day next time point pain intensity

Fixed effects. Dependent variable: EMA Pain intensity; Column headings denote within-day lag 1 time point person-centered cognitive independent variables
Self-reported cognitive function Symbol Search (Processing speed) Dot Memory (Working memory)
Mean response time SD of response time Error mean Error SD
Lag 1 Person-centered cognitive variable 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)
p=0.36
−0.0003 (−0.002, 0.001)
p=0.63
0.0004 (−0.002, 0.002)
p=0.71
1.07 (0.18, 1.95)
p=0.02
0.78 (−0.28, 1.84)
p=0.15
Group*Lag 1 Person-centered cognitive variable 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08)
p=0.60
−0.0005 (−0.003, 0.002)
p=0.66
−0.001 (−0.004, 0.002)
p=0.47
0.23 (−1.10, 1.56)
p=0.74
−0.57 (−2.11, 0.97)
p=0.47
Person-centered cognitive variable 0.31 (0.26, 0.36)
p<0.001
0.002 (0.0003, 0.003)
p=0.02
0.0008 (−0.001, 0.003)
p=0.42
−0.47 (−1.38, 0.44)
p=0.31
0.12 (−0.97, 1.21)
p=0.82
FM group Reference group
Non-FM group −41.85 (−47.46, −36.25)
p<0.001
−41.30 (−46.86, −35.73)
p<0.001
−41.20 (−46.76, −35.63)
p<0.001
−41.18 (−46.77, −35.59)
p<0.001
−41.20 (−46.79, −35.61)
P<0.001
Group*person-centered cognitive variable −0.24 (−0.31, −0.16)
p<0.001
−0.003 (−0.005, −0.0009)
p=0.006
−0.002 (−0.005, 0.0007)
p=0.14
−0.12 (−1.45, 1.21)
p=0.86
−1.35 (−2.90, 0.20)
p=0.09
Random effects
Participant 192.23 (29.35) 188.23 (28.93) 188.28 (28.93) 190.00 (29.16) 190.13 (29.18)
Day 30.96 (3.96) 34.71 (4.37) 34.53 (4.36) 35.83 (4.37) 35.43 (4.34)
Residual 106.63 (3.74) 112.77 (4.01) 113.26 (4.02) 112.92 (3.96) 113.35 (3.98)

All values in Fixed effects cells: Regression coefficient, 95%CI, p value. All values in Random effects cells: Estimate, standard error.

Models adjusted for age, sex, number of years of education, perception of feeling refreshed upon awakening (0–100 scale), and a time function (quadratic if significant, p<0.05).