Table 2.
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for School-Level Variance of Pupils’ Mental Health
| Pupil’s mental health | n |
Unadjusted models |
n |
Adjusted models for pupil’s age, gender, and ethnicity |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pupils | Schools | ICC | (95% CI) | p | Pupils | Schools | ICC | (95% CI) | p | |
| Psychopathology, SDQ | 26,303 | 85 | 0.024 | (0.020 to 0.028) | < .0001 | 26,127 | 85 | 0.022 | (0.017 to 0.026) | < .0001 |
| Depression, CES-D Scale | 26,549 | 85 | 0.016 | (0.012 to 0.021) | < .0001 | 26,078 | 85 | 0.015 | (0.011 to 0.018) | < .0001 |
| Well-being, WEMWBS | 26,463 | 85 | 0.014 | (0.010 to 0.017) | < .0001 | 26,073 | 85 | 0.014 | (0.010 to 0.017) | < .0001 |
Note: Multilevel models are based on complete case analysis; total sample (N = 85 schools; N = 26,885 pupils), but number varies owing to missing data. CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression; ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient; SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; WEMWBS = Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.