Table 7.
Effect of bee venom using both doses (0.5 and 1.23 mg/kg) and combined therapy (metformin and atorvastatin) on levels of insulin and lipid profile.
| Groups | Negative control | Positive control | Bee venom-treated group (0.5 mg/kg) | Bee venom- treated group (1.23 mg/kg) | Metformin- and atorvastatin- treated group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin (pg/mL) | 126 ± 1.16c | 57.9 ± 1.32 | 82.7 ± 2.03c | 121.6 ± 0.96c | 123.1 ± 1.14c | <0.0001 |
| % change | --------- | −54.05% | 42.83% | 110.01% | 112.61% | |
| Triacylglycerol (mg/dL) | 82.8 ± 1.75c | 227.7 ± 4.3 | 158.5 ± 2.3c | 120.7 ± 1.7c | 108 ± 1.43c | |
| % change | --------- | 175% | −30.25% | −47% | −52.56% | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 84.3 ± 1.57c | 235.6 ± 2.8 | 166.9 ± 2.25c | 104.6 ± 1.52c | 96.5 ± 1.15c | |
| % change | --------- | 179.47% | −29.15% | −55.6% | −59% | |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 40.14 ± 1.32c | 178.24 ± 2.5 | 113.6 ± 2.32c | 54.96 ± 1.63c | 46.1 ± 1.13c | |
| % change | --------- | 344.04% | −36.26% | −69.16% | −74.13% | |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL) | 16.56 ± 0.35c | 45.66 ± 0.91 | 31.7 ± 0.46c | 24.14 ± 0.34c | 21.6 ± 0.28c | |
| % change | --------- | 175.72% | −30.57% | −47.13% | −52.69% | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 27.6 ± 0.47c | 11.7 ± 0.34 | 21.6 ± 0.45c | 25.5 ± 0.75c | 28.8 ± 0.62c | |
| % change | --------- | -57.6% | 84.6% | 117.9% | 146.15% |
Note: Values are expressed in mean ± SEM, n= 10. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Values with different superscript letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05). aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001 compared to positive control group. % change of positive control was calculated according to negative control. % change of all treated groups was calculated according to positive control.