Table 9.
Effect of bee venom using both doses (0.5 and 1.23 mg/kg) and combined therapy (metformin and atorvastatin) on levels of TAC, MDA, and NF-κβ in heart tissue.
| Groups | Negative control | Positive control | Bee venom-treated group (0.5 mg/kg) | Bee venom- treated group (1.23 mg/kg) | Metformin- and atorvastatin -treated group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAC (mM/L) | 0.95 ± 0.03c | 0.62 ± 0.03 | 0.75 ± 0.014b | 0.81 ± 0.01c | 0.89 ± 0.02c | <0.0001 |
| % change | ------ | −34.7% | 20.96% | 30.6% | 43.54% | |
| MDA (nmol/g tissue) | 79.8 ± 1.03c | 117.9 ± 2.7 | 101.4 ± 1.29c | 94.5 ± 1.44c | 92 ± 1.1c | |
| % change | ------ | 47.74% | −13.99% | −19.84% | −21.96% | |
| NF-κβ (pg/mL) | 90.1 ± 1.47c | 238.3 ± 3.3 | 174.4 ± 3.08c | 158.3 ± 1.9c | 133.5 ± 1.4c | |
| % change | ----- | 164.5% | −26.81% | −33.57% | −43.97% |
Note: Values are expressed in mean ± SEM, n= 10. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Values with different superscript letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05). aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001 compared to positive control group. % change of positive control was calculated according to negative control. % change of all treated groups was calculated according to positive control.