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. 2021 Jul 22;41(12):3324–3338. doi: 10.1177/0271678X211033358

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© The Author(s) 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 4. — Sleep-induced cortical alterations in phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. (a) UPLC-MS intensities of phenylalanine, tyrosine, phenyllactic acid, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and homovanillic acid in the investigated brain regions for the day/night sample sets (N = 6) as well as phenyllactic acid and hydroxyphenyllactic acid in plasma (N = 6); (b) Similarity analysis of phenyllactic acid and hydroxyphenyllactic acid; (c) Similarity analysis of phenylalanine and hydroxyphenyllactic acid; (d) Similarity analysis of tyrosine and hydroxyphenyllactic acid; (b–d) Analysis in each brain region (N = 6). Error bars: standard deviation (SD); Two-tailed unpaired t-test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

AADC: aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; AD: aldehyde dehydrogenase; COMT: catechol-O-methyl transferase; HPPR: hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MAO: mono-amino oxidase; PAH: phenylalanine hydroxylase; PT: phenylalanine transaminase; TAT: tyrosine aminotransferase; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase.