Fig. 4.

The repressive effect of glycine on the IRE1α-JNK endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling was dependent on mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Protein abundances of p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, and p70S6K were determined by Western blot (A) and (B); Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay (C). Protein abundances of p-IRE1α, IRE1α, p-JNK, JNK, CHOP, and cleaved-Caspase3 (c-Caspase3), Bcl-2 were determined by Western blot (D). Ultrastructure of rough endoplasmic reticulum under transmission electron microscope (E). Values are means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. Means without a common letter differ, P < 0.05. Scale bar: 500 nm. p = phosphate; Akt = protein kinase B; mTOR = mechanistic target of rapamycin; p70S6K = p70S6 kinase.