Figure 1.

Mitochondrial quality control and intercellular mitochondrial transfer. When exposed to stressors, mitochondria can initiate a set of quality control mechanisms, including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR^mt), mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, mitochondria can be transferred from adjacent astrocytes to injured neurons as a compensatory internal adaptive response, which is a novel type of mitochondrial quality control mechanism.