Table 2.

Cox regression model on HbA1c variability score (HVS) analysed as a continuous variable either in the whole group or stratified into high and low HVS group by the median value of HVS for all-site, breast, liver and colorectal cancer and cause-specific death in patients with diabetes ≥10 years expressed as hazard ratio for each standard deviation increment of HVS.

	Event/Total	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
All-site cancer events		Model 1		Model 2
Low HVS group	429/7767	1.03 (0.87, 1.09)	0.609	0.97 (0.87, 1.09)	0.602
High HVS group	499/7519	1.13 (1.03, 1.24)	0.010	1.15 (1.04, 1.26)	0.006
Site-specific cancer events
Breast cancer	77/15286	1.30 (0.97, 1.75)	0.081	1.44 (1.07, 1.94)	0.017
Liver cancer	117/15286	1.37 (1.09, 1.74)	0.008	1.37 (1.08, 1.74)	0.010
Colorectal cancer	184/15286	1.08 (0.90, 1.30)	0.422	1.09 (0.90, 1.32)	0.371
Cause-specific Death
Cancer Death
Low HVS group	167/7767	0.90 (0.76, 1.08)	0.270	0.88 (0.73, 1.05)	0.161
High HVS group	237/7519	1.19 (1.05, 1.36)	0.008	1.21 (1.06, 1.39)	0.005
Vascular Death
Low HVS group	171/7767	1.00 (0.83, 1.20)	0.975	0.92 (0.76, 1.10)	0.361
High HVS group	410/7519	1.27 (1.15, 1.39)	< 0.001	1.27 (1.15, 1.40)	< 0.001
Noncancer and Nonvascular Death
Low HVS group	589/7767	1.27 (1.15, 1.40)	< 0.001	1.16 (1.05, 1.29)	< 0.001
High HVS group	1243/7519	1.18 (1.11, 1.24)	< 0.001	1.15 (1.09, 1.22)	0.004

Model 1: adjusted for time weighted mean A1c (mA1c), age, sex, and disease duration. Model 2: Model 1 plus BMI, use of tobacco and alcohol, HDL-cholesterol (HDLC), triglyceride (TG) (quantiles), LDL-cholesterol (LDLC), Alanine transferase (ALT), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria, use of oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs), insulin, lipid lowering drugs (LLDs), and renin angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), and history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure. HRs are expressed with 95% CIs in parentheses.