FIG 8.
Different Candida species elicit similar proinflammatory responses in macrophages that are independent of fungal viability. (A) Volcano plot of expression changes in C. albicans-stimulated macrophages compared to unstimulated controls. Induced cytokines are colored red with several of the most strongly induced cytokines labeled. (B to E) Log2 fold change in macrophage gene expression in response to live C. albicans compared to UV-killed C. albicans (B), C. tropicalis (C), C. parapsilosis (D), and C. lusitaniae (E). Colored points indicate genes that are differentially expressed compared to the C. albicans-stimulated condition. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for each comparison are shown.