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. 2021 Dec 14;12(6):e03317-21. doi: 10.1128/mbio.03317-21

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Copyright © 2021 Pountain et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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FIG 9 — Cytokine secretion is influenced by Candida species and viability. (A) TNF-α secretion in response to live and UV-killed C. albicans as measured by ELISA of cell culture supernatants. Macrophages were stimulated for 5 h with medium, live C. albicans at various Candida-to-macrophage ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 0.2:1), or UV-killed C. albicans at a 3:1 ratio. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (Student's t test versus C. albicans 3:1). Bar plots and error bars represent mean and standard deviation for six biological replicates. (B) CCL3 production over time as measured by ELISA of culture supernatants, comparing live and UV-killed C. albicans. (C) CCL3 production stimulated by different species. P values were determined by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared to C. albicans-stimulated macrophages, and bar plots and error bars represent mean and standard deviation for five biological replicates.