Table 1.
Prevalence of diabetes in people with COVID-19
| Authors, year | Prevalence [% (95% CI)] |
|---|---|
| Abdi et al., 2020 | 14.5 (10.4–19.9) |
| Bajgain et al., 2020 | 17.40 (NR) |
| Baradaran et al., 2020 | 10 (NR) |
| Barrera et al., 2020 | Across all studies: 12 (10–15) |
| Severe COVID-19 only: 18 (16–20) | |
| Bennett et al., 2020 | 9.2 (NR) |
| Del Sole et al., 2020 | 10.1 (NR) |
| Desai et al., 2020 | In studies in patients with mean age >50 years: 13.2 (9.7–17.1) |
| In studies in patients with mean age <50 years: 9.0 (5.1–13.5) | |
| Du et al., 2020 | In all COVID-19 patients: 10 (7–15) |
| In severe patients: 17 (14–20) | |
| In nonsevere patients: 6 (5–8) | |
| In patients dying with COVID-19: 30 (13–46) | |
| In patients surviving COVID-19: 8 (2–15) | |
| Emami et al., 2020 | 7.87 (6.57–9.28) |
| Espinosa et al., 2020** | 22 (21–23) |
| Fadini et al., 2020 | 10.3 (NR)* |
| Faghir-Gangi et al., 2020 | 14 (11–17) |
| Gold et al., 2020 | 9.65 (6.83–13.48) |
| Guler and Ozturk, 2020 | 7.7 (NR) |
| Hu et al., 2020 | 7.7 (6.1–9.3) |
| Hussain et al., 2020 | Overall: 15 (12–18) |
| In U.S. only: 21 (6–35) | |
| In China only: 14 (12–16) | |
| Kaur et al., 2020 | 12.80 (NR) |
| Khan et al., 2020 | 25.2 (NR) |
| Khateri et al., 2020** | 14 (NR) |
| Kumar et al., 2020 (1)** | 11.2 (9.5–13.0)† |
| Liu et al., 2020 (1) | 10.0 (8.0–12.0) |
| Liu et al., 2020 (2) | 8.5 (5.5–11.4) |
| Mair et al., 2020 | 8 hospitalized; 4 nonhospitalized (NR) |
| Mantovani et al., 2020 | Overall: 14.34 (12.62–16.06) |
| Patients aged >60 years: 23.30 (19.65–26.94) | |
| Patients aged <60 years: 8.79 (7.56–10.02) | |
| Non-Asian countries: 23.34 (16.40–30.28) | |
| Asian countries: 11.06 (9.73–12.39) | |
| Matsushita et al., 2020 | 5–58 (pooled results NR) |
| Meng et al., 2020** | Overall: 12.55 (not provided) |
| Severe patients: 20.50 (not provided) | |
| Miller et al., 2020 | 14.40 (not provided) |
| Nandy et al., 2020 | 13 (10–17) |
| Patel et al., 2020 (1) | 10 (not provided) |
| Patel et al., 2020 (2) | 15.4 (12–19.4) |
| Pinedo-Torres et al., 2020** | 10.8 (5.9–16.6) |
| Sacks et al., 2020 | Pooled result NR; report range within China of 5–20 |
| Sales-Peres et al., 2020 | 30.3 (not provided; in people who also had obesity) |
| Sanyaolu et al., 2020 | Report range: 9.4–23.8 |
| Sayed, 2020 | Report range: 1.7–39.7 |
| Tadic et al., 2020 | Report range: 3–21 |
| Tian et al., 2020 | 23.80 (not provided) |
| Venkata and Kiernan, 2020 | 23 (not provided) |
| Wang et al., 2020 (3) | Overall: 9 (6–12) |
| In moderately severe COVID patients: 7 (4–10) | |
| In severe COVID patients: 17 (13–21) | |
| Zaki et al., 2020 | Report range: 12–22 |
| Zhou et al., 2020 (2)** | In severe or fatal COVID-19 cases: 17 (15–20) |
Full reference citations are available in Supplementary Table 1. Data represent pooled prevalence unless indicated otherwise.
Considered higher quality (judged as yes or partial yes for at least six of seven critical AMSTAR-2 domains).
For comparison, the review states nationwide prevalence of diabetes in China in 2013 was 10.9% overall and 12.3% among people aged 40–59 years.
Meta-regression showed proportion of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 was influenced by age (with studies with higher patient age having higher proportion of diabetes, P < 0.001), type of composite end point (with studies reporting mortality end point having higher proportion of diabetes, P = 0.004), and country of study (with studies outside China having higher proportion of diabetes, P = 0.006). There was no influence of number of patients in studies or quality score of studies.