Table 1.
Anthropometric and biochemical data
| Variable | Healthy controls (n = 29) | Type 2 diabetes patients (n = 31) | LADA patients (n = 30) | Classic type 1 diabetes patients (n = 29) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female | 11/18 | 11/20 | 10/20 | 11/18 | |
| Age (years) | 34.0 (28.50–52.5) | 39.0 (31.00–48.0) | 36.5 (30.5–45.0) | 35.0 (31.0–47.5) | 0.932 |
| Duration of diabetes (months) | 36.0 (12.0–84.0)a | 24.0 (2.5–36.0)b | 36.0 (13.0–108.0)a | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.14(19.99–24.41)a,b | 23.51(21.22–25.40)a | 20.48(18.31–22.29)c | 21.85(20.79–23.02)b,c | 0.002 |
| WHR | 0.86 (0.83–0.92) | 0.92 (0.87–0.94) | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) | 0.90 (0.85–0.93) | 0.221 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 112 (106–120) | 120 (110–130) | 110 (106–125) | 118 (109–130) | 0.130 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 (65–77) | 75 (72–80) | 73 (64–80) | 77 (70–84) | 0.060 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.30 (5.20-5.50)a | 9.00 (7.00-10.60)b | 9.10 (7.08-11.80)b | 8.60 (6.80-9.30)b | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34(33–37)a | 75(53–92)b | 76(54–105)b | 70(51–78)b | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.75 (4.43–5.28)a | 6.90 (6.17–7.40)b | 6.80 (5.70–8.43)b | 7.00 (5.58–8.70)b | <0.001 |
| FCP (ng/ml) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36)a | 0.78 (0.50–1.26)b | 0.37 (0.26–0.50)c | 0.00 (0.00–0.05)d | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 4.57 (4.12–4.89) | 4.90 (3.68–5.33) | 4.34 (3.87–5.27) | 4.58 (4.08–5.21) | 0.767 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 1.08 (0.89–1.21) | 1.35 (0.97–2.12) | 0.91 (0.62–1.43) | 1.03 (0.76–1.50) | 0.050 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 1.36 (1.26–1.56)a | 1.15 (0.94–1.27)b | 1.33 (1.10–1.62)a | 1.23 (1.07–1.55)a | 0.004 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 2.56 (2.38–2.78) | 2.99 (2.16–3.27) | 2.33 (1.85–3.03) | 2.34 (2.03–2.84) | 0.185 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 1.63 (1.23–1.93)a | 1.44 (1.21–1.66)a | 1.32 (1.03–1.48)b | 1.44 (1.22–1.77)a | 0.008 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 4.49 (4.06–5.09)a | 5.60 (5.16–6.28)b | 5.44 (4.60–6.74)b | 5.20 (4.26–6.67)b | 0.002 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.09 (0.92–1.27)a | 2.69 (1.55–5.68)b | 1.61 (1.25–2.74)c | 1.74 (1.18–3.04)c | <0.001 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 2.19 (2.03–2.64)a | 3.03 (2.47–3.77)b | 2.67 (2.03–2.97)c | 2.47 (2.03–3.18)c | <0.001 |
| LBP (ng/mL) | 26.35(23.58–29.24)a | 32.91(29.41–36.50)b,c | 34.73(29.48–39.89)b | 29.88(26.62–33.44)c | <0.001 |
Data are median (25th–75th percentile) unless otherwise indicated. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FCP, fasting C-peptide; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio. Different superscripted symbols (a, b, c, d) in a row indicate that the medians of the different groups are significantly different (P < 0.05).