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. 2021 Oct 15;44(12):2758–2766. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0437

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants of the population-based cohort study, with stratification by PCOS exposure status

Women with PCOS (n = 64,051) Women without PCOS (n = 123,545)
Age, years, mean (SD) 30.4 (7.0) 30.5 (7.1)
BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) 25.9 (22.2–31.9) 25.4 (22.0–30.8)
BMI categories, n (%)*
Normal/underweight 23,490 (36.6) 48,360 (39.1)
 Overweight 12,734 (19.8) 25,229 (20.4)
 Obese 17,591 (27.5) 29,907 (24.2)
 Missing 10,236 (16.0) 20,049 (16.2)
Smoking status, n (%)
 Nonsmoker 37,311 (58.3) 71,114 (57.6)
 Discontinued 9,044 (14.1) 16,285 (13.2)
 Smoker 14,674 (22.9) 28,284 (22.9)
 Missing 3,022 (4.7) 7,862 (6.4)
Ethnicity, n (%)
 Caucasian 30,597 (47.8) 50,206 (40.6)
 Black 1,464 (2.3) 2,636 (2.1)
 Chinese 582 (0.91) 883 (0.7)
 South Asian 3,085 (4.8) 3,517 (2.9)
 Mixed race 897 (1.4) 1,645 (1.3)
 Missing 27,426 (42.8) 64,658 (52.3)
Townsend deprivation score, n (%)
 1 (least deprived) 11,270 (17.6) 21,839 (17.7)
 2 10,280 (16.1) 19,866 (16.1)
 3 12,064 (18.8) 23,471 (19.0)
 4 11,530 (18.0) 22,623 (18.3)
 5 (most deprived) 8,182 (12.8) 16,186 (13.1)
 Missing 10,725 (16.7) 19,560 (15.8)
Baseline comorbidity, n (%)
 Hypothyroidism 2,172 (3.4) 2,585 (2.1)
 Hypertension 1,420 (2.22) 2,030 (1.64)
Baseline medication, n (%)
 Any COCP 27,768 (43.4) 66,332 (53.7)
 COCP without antiandrogenic progestin 25,481 (39.8) 64,157 (51.9)
 COCP with antiandrogenic progestin 14,437 (22.5) 12,336 (10.0)
  Drospirenone 4,944 (7.7) 6,550 (5.3)
  Cyproterone 11,069 (17.3) 7,305 (5.9)
 Single-agent antiandrogen therapy
  Cyproterone 444 (0.69)
  Other antiandrogen drugs^ 42 (0.07)
 Lipid-lowering medication 410 (0.64) 534 (0.43)
*

Normal/underweight, <23.5 kg/m2 for patients of South Asian ethnicity and <25 kg/m2 for patients of all other ethnic groups; overweight, 23.5–27.5 kg/m2 for patients of South Asian ethnicity and 25–30 kg/m2 for patients of all other ethnic groups; and obese, ≥27.5 kg/m2 for patients of South Asian ethnicity and ≥30 kg/m2 for patients of all other ethnic groups.

^

Includes dutasteride, enzalutamide, finasteride, flutamide, and spironolactone.

PCOS-relevant variables summarized only for the PCOS-exposed cohort; note that patients with impaired glucose regulation or glucose-lowering drug prescription at baseline were not included in the cohort.