Table 1.

Study app classification, therapy, and gamification information.

First author, publication year, and app		App classification	Depression measure	Therapy intervention	Game elements, n	Adherence rate, %
Bakker, 2018 [54]
	MoodMission	Mobile	PHQ-9a	CBTb	2	69.6
	MoodPrism	Mobile	PHQ-9	CBT	2	46.4
	MoodKit	Mobile	PHQ-9	CBT	0	46.0
Berger, 2011 [85]
	Deprexis	Mobile	BDI-IIc	BAd, PSTe, and mindfulness	1	N/Af
Birney, 2016 [80]
	Moodhacker	Internet	PHQ-9	Mindfulness	0	N/A
Bosso, 2020 [67]
	Headspace	Mobile	DASS-21g	Mindfulness	3	58.0
Bostock, 2019 [68]
	Headspace	Mobile	HADSh	Mindfulness	3	2.0
Botella, 2016 [57]
	Smiling is Fun	Internet	BDI-II	CBT	1	86.4
Choi, 2012 [81]
	Brighten Your Mood	Internet	CBDIi	CBT	0	68.0
Collins, 2018 [51]
	MindWise	Internet	PHQ-9	CBT	0	41.7
Dahne, 2019 [66]
	Aptivate	Mobile	BDI-II	CBT	2	36.4
	iCouch CBT	Mobile	BDI-II	CBT	0	N/A
Dahne, 2019 [77]
	Moodivate	Mobile	BDI-II	CBT	2	42.9
	Moodkit	Mobile	BDI-II	BA	0	N/A
Deady, 2020 [78]
	HeadGear	Internet	PHQ-9	BA and mindfulness	2	10.1
de Graaf, 2009 [62]
	Colour Your Life	Internet	BDI-II	CBT	0	36.0
Fish, 2019 [53]
	Headspace	Mobile	PHQ-9	Mindfulness	3	N/A
Flett, 2018 [69]
	Headspace	Mobile	CES-Dj	Mindfulness	3	16.4
	Smiling Mind	Mobile	CES-D	Mindfulness	1	15.4
	Evernote	Mobile	CES-D	N/A	0	N/A
Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, 2020 [73]
	StressLess	Mobile	DASS-21	Mindfulness-based CBT	1	19.0
	Stress Monitor	Mobile	DASS-21	N/A	1	N/A
Gilbody, 2015 [63]
	Beating the Blues	Internet	PHQ-9	CBT	0	79.0
	MoodGYM	Internet	PHQ-9	CBT	2	75.0
Ha, 2020 [49]
	Spring	Mobile	BDI-II	CBT	1	N/A
Howells, 2016 [56]
	Headspace	Mobile	CES-D	Mindfulness	3	29.8
	Catch Notes	Mobile	CES-D	N/A	0	N/A
Hur, 2018 [72]
	Todac Todac	Mobile	BDI-II	CBT	3	N/A
Kladnitski, 2020 [71]
	iCBTk program	Mobile	PHQ-9	CBT and mindfulness	2	69.4
	MEiCBTl program	Mobile	PHQ-9	CBT and mindfulness	2	69.7
	iMTm program	Mobile	PHQ-9	CBT and mindfulness	2	67.6
Krafft, 2019 [58]
	Simple Matrix	Internet	DASS-21	ACTn	1	42.9
	Complex Matrix	Internet	DASS-21	ACT	2	40.0
Levin, 2020 [75]
	Stop, Breathe, & Think	Internet	CCAPS-34o	Mindfulness	0	63.0
Lintvedt, 2013 [79]
	MoodGYM	Mobile	CES-D	CBT	2	N/A
	Blue Pages	Mobile	CES-D	N/A	0	N/A
Löbner, 2018 [64]
	MoodGYM	Internet	PHQ-9	CBT	2	13.0
Lokman, 2017 [60]
	CDMIsp: Sleep Better, Worry Less, and Stress Less	Mobile	IDS-SRq	CBT	1	N/A
Lüdtke, 2018 [59]
	Be Good to Yourself	Internet	PHQ-9	CBT	3	79.6
Mantani, 2017 [52]
	Kokoro	Mobile	BDI-II	CBT	6	40.7
McCloud, 2020 [70]
	Feel Stress Free	Internet	HADS	CBT and mindfulness	2	7.0
Moberg, 2019 [61]
	Pacifica	Internet	DASS-21	CBT and mindfulness	3	N/A
Montero-Marín, 2016 [82]
	Smiling is Fun	Internet	BDI-II	CBT	1	84.3
Richards, 2020 [55]
	Space from Depression	Internet	PHQ-9	CBT	2	N/A
Richards, 2015 [83]
	Space from Depression	Internet	BDI-II	CBT	2	36.0
Roepke, 2015 [31]
	SuperBetter	Internet	CES-D	CBT	7	45.6
Rollman, 2018 [84]
	Beating the Blues	Internet	PROMISr	CBT	0	85.8
Schure, 2019 [76]
	Thrive	Mobile	PHQ-9	CBT	3	58.6
Sethi, 2013 [65]
	MoodGYM	Mobile	DASS-21	CBT	2	N/A
Tighe, 2017 [74]
	ibobbly	Mobile	PHQ-9	Mindfulness and ACT	0	85.0
Twomey, 2014 [50]
	MoodGYM	Internet	DASS-21	CBT	2	27.3

^aPHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

^bCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.

^cBDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II.

^dBA: behavioral activation.

^ePST: problem-solving therapy.

^fN/A: not applicable; values were not reported.

^gDASS-21: 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.

^hHADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

ⁱCBDI: Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory.

^jCES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.

^kiCBT: internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy.

^lMEiCBT: mindfulness-enhanced internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy.

^miMT: internet-delivered mindfulness training.

ⁿACT: acceptance and commitment therapy.

^oCCAPS-34: Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-34.

^pCDMI: complaint-directed mini-intervention.

^qIDS-SR: Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report.

^rPROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.