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Small molecule-responsive ribozyme switches dynamically regulate T cell proliferation. When there is no theophylline drug binding to the aptamer, the ribozyme self-cleaves, leading to IL-2 mRNA degradation, cytokine production block, and eventually cell death. When theophylline binds to the aptamer, the ribozyme is inactivated, and the IL-2 mRNA transcript is stabilized, thus leading to cytokine production and cell proliferation. Created with Biorender.com.
