TABLE 1.

The four lines of treatment for chronic neuropathic pain.

Treatment	Mechanism of action	Line of treatment	References
Gabapentinoids	α2δ2-1 subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels ligant	First-line treatment	Attal et al., 2010; Moulin et al., 2014; Hennemann-Krause and Sredni, 2016; Colloca et al., 2017
Tricyclic antidepressants	Inhibitors of Noradrenaline/Serotonin uptake systems	First-line treatment	Attal et al., 2010; Moulin et al., 2014; Hennemann-Krause and Sredni, 2016; Colloca et al., 2017
Noradrenaline/serotonin reuptake inhibitors	Inhibitors of noradrenaline/serotonin reuptake systems	First-line treatment	Attal et al., 2010; Moulin et al., 2014; Hennemann-Krause and Sredni, 2016; Colloca et al., 2017
Weak opioids	Opioid receptors agonists	Second-line treatment	Attal et al., 2010; Moulin et al., 2014; Hennemann-Krause and Sredni, 2016; Colloca et al., 2017
Strong opioids	Opioid receptors agonists	Second-line treatment	Attal et al., 2010; Moulin et al., 2014; Hennemann-Krause and Sredni, 2016; Colloca et al., 2017
Cannabinoids	Endocannabinoid system modulators	Third-line treatment	Attal et al., 2010; Moulin et al., 2014; Colloca et al., 2017
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)	Inhibitors of selective serotonin reuptake system	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014
Botulinum toxin	Inhibitors of acetylcholine release	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014
Methadone	Opioid and NMDA receptors	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014
Lamotrigine	Inhibitors of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014
Lacosamide	Slow inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014
Tapentadol	Opioid receptors agonist and inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake system	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014
Topical lidocaine	Sodium channel blocker	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014
Topical capsaicin	TRPV1 receptor desensitization	Fourth-line treatment	Moulin et al., 2014